Vuto ndi chithandizo cha thumba la matope obowoledwa

Zifukwa za PDC bit balling

1. Zinthu zokhudza nthaka: stratum yomwe ikubooledwa ndi matope ofewa omwe si a diagenetic kumtunda, omwe ndi osavuta kumamatira pamwamba pa chigawo choboolera ndikupangitsa kuti ming'alu ipangike pambuyo pobowola; ngakhale kuti matope omwe ali mu stratum ndi a diagenetic, ndi osavuta kunyowetsa ndi kufalitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wellbore. Kuchuluka kwa matope kapena gawo lolimba mu matope kumawonjezeka kwambiri, komwe kumamatira pamwamba pa chigawo choboolera kuti kupangitse ming'alu ya matope; kapena kapangidwe kake kali ndi gypsum yobalalika, yomwe imayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa matope, ndipo gawo lolimba lovulaza mu matope ndi lovuta kuchotsa, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri mwayi woti ming'alu yoboolera ikhale m'thumba la matope; kapangidwe kake kali ndi permeability yayikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, kamayamwa gawo lolimba loopsa mu wellbore ndi zodulidwa zomwe sizimachitika pakapita nthawi, ndikupanga keke yokhuthala yamatope, yomwe imasonkhana pansi pa PDC bit ikagwa kuti ipange thumba laling'ono.

3. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi ukadaulo wa uinjiniya: kusamuka kwa nthaka panthawi yobowola ndi kochepa, pansi pa chitsime ndi chobowola sizingathe kutsukidwa bwino, ndipo liwiro lobwerera mmwamba silikwanira, ndipo zodulidwazo zimakhala m'chitsimemo kwa nthawi yayitali, zimamatira kukhoma la chitsime kuti zipange keke yokhuthala yamatope, makamaka pakati ndi pamwamba. Zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri pamene liwiro lili lalikulu; pamene miyala yofewa yamatope imapangidwira, kuthamanga kwa kubowola kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, zodulidwazo kapena zodulidwazo zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi pamwamba pa chobowola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidutswacho chikhale cholimba; Keke yodulidwa yamatope kapena zodulidwazo zimadzaza matope ndi chobowola.

4. Zinthu zofunika pobowola: kapangidwe ka dzenje la madzi sikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuchotsa tchipisi; ngodya yochotsera tchipisi ya ngalande yoyenda imaletsa zidutswazo kuti zisachoke pansi pa chitsime bwino.

5. Zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito: liwiro la kubowola ndi lachangu kwambiri, chobowola sichikutsetsereka pansi pa njira yozungulira, koma kukanda keke yamatope kapena zidutswa pakhoma la chitsime mosalekeza, zomwe zingayambitse thumba la zidutswa; Sikuti kulumikiza kelly kuti itulutse chobowola mozungulira, koma kukanikiza pansi kapena kubowola pansi, ndipo keke yamatope kapena zidutswa zomwe zachotsedwa pakhoma la chitsime zidzadzaza chobowola; njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yolakwika pobowola pansi. , Mukayamba pompa, zidzapangitsanso chobowola kuti chifike pa thumba; pobowola m'njira zofewa, chobowola chidzaperekedwa mosagwirizana.

Kusamalira thumba la matope la PDC 

1. Mfundo yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zobowola ndi iyi: musafulumire kubowola, chifukwa zinthu zikakhala zambiri zimakhala bwino;

2. Mosasamala kanthu za kupewa kapena kuchiza matope obowola, n'kosapeweka kusintha momwe matope amagwirira ntchito. Ngati pali chizindikiro chilichonse cha mipira ya matope pa chobowola, kubowola kuyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo chotsukira chiyenera kubayidwa m'chitsime kuti chiyeretsedwe chobowolacho nthawi yoyamba;

3. Siyani kuboola, onjezerani kusuntha kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya hydraulic flushing, kwezani choboolacho mmwamba kuti chichoke pansi pa chitsime, onjezerani liwiro lozungulira ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti chipika cha matope chizitayidwa mosavuta, ndikusuntha mmwamba ndi pansi kangapo, kenako kanikizani mpaka pansi pa chitsime popanda kutembenuza turntable Cycle kwa mphindi 5-10, ndikubwerezanso njira yomwe ili pamwambapa; ngati sichigwira ntchito mkati mwa ma cycle awiri, muyenera kuganizira zotulutsa mu choboolacho.

Yankho lake ndi: lamulirani kuwonjezera dongo loyera losasakanizika bwino ndi phula la juniper posintha ndi kukonza matope, yambani zida zowongolera zolimba panthawi yake kuti muchotse tinthu tating'onoting'ono toopsa m'matope panthawi yobowola, ndikuyikanso PDC bit pakati pobowola. Kuyenda kwa madzi m'malo mwake kumachotsa matope omwe amamatira ku drill bit panthawi yobowola. Mukafika pansi, choyamba zungulirani matope ambiri kwa mphindi zochepa musanabowole. Kugwira maulalo ofunikira awa kungalepheretse PDC bit kuti isalowe m'thumba. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti akatswiri ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino kuti kuthamanga kwa pampu ya standpipe kumapangidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa nozzle. Bola ngati kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa nozzle kuli zero, ngakhale mabowo amadzi ambiri atayikidwa, kuthamanga kwa kuyima sikudzakhudzidwa. Chifukwa chake, potulutsa diso, sikuti kuthamanga koyima kokha sikungasinthidwe, komanso PDC drill bit nthawi zambiri imayamba kupangika mosavuta m'thumba.

2. Fufuzani ndi kumvetsetsa malamulo oyendetsera njira yoyendetsera chitsime cholunjika mu buloko lililonse mwachangu momwe mungathere, konzani bwino kapangidwe ka chida chobowolera, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito PDC chifukwa chosintha azimuth ndi kupindika kwa chitsime pakati. Ngati kuli kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola kophatikizana m'gawo la pansi la chitsime lomwe silingathe kubowola bwino, Kugwiritsa ntchito ma PDC bits apamwamba okhala ndi kukana kwabwino kowonongeka kungathandize kusintha momwe ma PDC bits amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikuwonjezera liwiro la kubowola.