Kodi Valve ya Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi chiyani?

Mtengo wa Khirisimasi wophatikizidwa ndi chinthu cholumikizidwa pomwe valavu yayikulu yapansi, valavu yayikulu yapamwamba, ndi valavu yothira madzi zimaphatikizidwa kukhala chinthu chimodzi. Izi zimapulumutsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya ogwiritsira ntchito panthawi yoyika.

Chitsimendi Mtengo wa Khirisimasi

Mutu wa chitsime ndi chinthu chomwe chili pamwamba pa chitsime cha mafuta kapena gasi, chomwe chimapereka chithandizo cha kapangidwe kake komanso malo olumikizirana mphamvu zogwirira ntchito pobowola ndi kupanga zida.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mutu wa chitsime ndikupereka malo othandizira ndi chipangizo chotsekera kupanikizika kwa chingwe choyambira pansi pa chitsime mpaka ku zida zowongolera kupanikizika pamwamba.

Pakuboola chitsime, kupanikizika kwa pamwamba kumayendetsedwa ndi Blowout Preventor (BOP). Ngati kupanikizika sikulamulidwa ndi mzere wamadzimadzi oboola panthawi yoboola, chitsime, mutu wa chitsime, ndi BOP zitha kuphulika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiphulike.

Akamaliza kuboola, ntchito yomaliza imachitika kuti akhazikitse kulumikizana ndi mwala wa thanki ndikupanga njira yolumikizira madzi a chitsime. Mtengo wa Khirisimasi womwe umayikidwa pamwamba pa chitsime umathandiza kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa madzi pamwamba, wokhala ndi ma valve olekanitsa ndi zotsekera kuti zilamulire kuyenda kwa madzi a chitsime panthawi yopanga.

Mutu wa chitsime nthawi zambiri umalumikizidwa ku chingwe choyamba cholumikizira ndipo umakhazikika pamalo pake pobowola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsimecho chikhale chopangidwa bwino. Pa zitsime zofufuzira zomwe zidzasiyidwa pambuyo pake, mutu wa chitsimecho ukhoza kubwezedwanso, kukonzedwanso, ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Mitsinje ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, yomwe ili pa nsanja zopangira zinthu, imatchedwa zitsime za pamwamba; ngati ili pansi pa madzi, imatchedwa zitsime za pansi pa nyanja kapena zitsime za matope.

Mafotokozedwe a Kapangidwe

Mafotokozedwe a makampani a makina a zitsime (kuphatikizapo zipangizo, miyeso, njira zoyesera, ndi kupanikizika) ndi awa:

API 6A: Mafotokozedwe a Zida za Wellhead ndi Mitengo

ISO 10423: Muyezo wa Zitsime ndi Zipangizo za Mitengo

Kodi Valve ya Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi chiyani?

Vavu ya Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi njira yokhala ndi mavavu, zotsekera, mapaipi, ndi zida, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zimafanana ndi mtengo wa Khirisimasi wokongoletsedwa. Ndikofunikira kutsindika kuti vavu ya Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi yosiyana ndi mutu wa chitsime; imagwira ntchito ngati mlatho pakati pa mikhalidwe ya pansi ndi mikhalidwe ya pamwamba. Pambuyo poti kupanga kuyambe, mavavu awa amayikidwa pamwamba pa mutu wa chitsime kuti atsogolere ndikuwongolera kutuluka kwa madzi opangidwa kunja.

Ma valve amenewa amagwira ntchito zina zambiri, monga kuchepetsa kupanikizika, kubayidwa mankhwala, kuyang'anira zida zachitetezo, ndi kulumikizana kwa magetsi pamakina owongolera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsime zamafuta za pansi pa nyanja zomwe zili m'mapulatifomu akunja ndi zitsime za pamwamba. Zinthu zingapozi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe, ndi zinthu zina zamafuta zitulutsidwe bwino mkati mwa nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo olumikizirana pakati pa zinthu zonse za chitsimecho.

Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi wosavuta wokhala ndi mavavu asanu, koma machitidwe enieni a mavavu a Mtengo wa Khirisimasi nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Mavavu ambiri a Mtengo wa Khirisimasi amapangidwa mwamakonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kufotokoza mfundo zenizeni zogwirira ntchito za mitundu yonse.

Valavu Yaikulu Yotsika

Vavu ya Lower Master ndi valavu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulamulira kuyenda kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsime kupita ku gulu la mtengo. Nthawi zambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ndipo imakhalabe yotsekedwa, yotseguka pang'ono panthawi yopanga.

Valavu Yapamwamba Ya Master

Vavu ya Upper Master ndi chipangizo chotetezera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati Vavu ya Lower Master yalephera kapena pamene ikukonzedwa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi. Nthawi zambiri ndi valavu yoyendetsedwa patali yomwe imatseka yokha ikalandira chizindikiro chachitetezo kuti isalowe mumtengo.

Valavu ya Mapiko Opha

Valavu Yopha ndi valavu ina yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo olumikizira jakisoni. Madzi monga zoletsa dzimbiri, methanol, ndi ma formula a madzi m'thupi amatha kubayidwa kudzera mu valavu iyi. Amatchedwanso mavalavu am'mbali kapena mavalavu achiwiri a mapiko.

Vavu Yopangira Mapiko + Vavu Yodzipatula

Vavu ya Mapiko Opanga nthawi zambiri imayikidwa madigiri 180 moyang'anizana ndi Vavu ya Mapiko Opha. Ndi gawo loyendetsedwa lokha lomwe limafuna kupanikizika kwa hydraulic kuti likhale lotseguka. Pakagwa ngozi kapena kukonza, limaletsa jakisoni/kutuluka m'chitsime ndipo nthawi zambiri limaphatikizidwa ndi choke kuti liwongolere kuyenda ndi kupanikizika mkati mwa chitsime. Choke iyi imaonedwa kuti ndi "faucet" ya kuyenda kwa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulamulira kuyenda kwa mafuta kukhale kofunika kwambiri pa gawoli.

Valavu ya Swab + Kapu ndi Gauge

Valavu ya Swab ndi valavu ina yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja, yomwe imapereka njira yolunjika yolunjika yogwirira ntchito pansi pa dzenje. T-Cap ndi gauge ya pressure zimagwira ntchito ngati zizindikiro zowoneka za valavu yomwe ili yotseguka; mwachitsanzo, ngati valavu yophera yatsegulidwa ndipo valavu ya swab yatsekedwa, gauge ya pressure iyenera kuwerenga 0 psi (palibe kupanikizika), pomwe ngati valavu yopangira yatsegulidwa ndipo valavu ya swab nayonso yatsegulidwa, gauge ya pressure iyenera kuwonetsa mtengo womwe watchulidwa ndi woyendetsa chitsime. Zingaphatikizeponso mavavu a digito kutentha ndi njira zina zowunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti chitsime chili chotetezeka, chifukwa mavavu ochulukirapo amanja amasiya malo olakwika a anthu.

Chidule

Kusankha valavu ya Mtengo wa Khirisimasi sikungokhudza kugula mtundu kapena kukula koyenera. Mavalavu a Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi zida zopangidwa mwapadera zomwe ziyenera kufanana ndi machitidwe ena onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola, kuphatikizapo mapampu, makina owongolera, zida zotetezera, ndi zina mwa zitsime.

Kodi Mtengo wa Chitsime kapena wa Khirisimasi ndi Wotani?

Mu makampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi, mawu oti “wellhead” ndi “Christmas Tree” nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana. Komabe, wellhead ndi Christmas Tree ndi zida zosiyana kwambiri. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga mafuta ndi gasi ndipo zili ndi ma valve ndi zida zina zothandizira kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwa zinthu.

Mutu wa chitsime umawongolera kuthamanga kwa madzi panthawi yobowola ndi ntchito zopangira. Uli pamwamba pa chitsime, pakati pa chivundikiro ndi pansi pa chitoliro, umapereka mwayi wotetezeka komanso wowongoleredwa wolowera kuchitsime chogwira ntchito. Mutu wa chitsime umathandizira chivundikirocho ndipo umapereka zotsekera za kuthamanga kwa chingwe cha chivundikirocho. Panthawi yobowola, umathandizira Blowout Preventor (BOP); panthawi yomaliza, umathandizira mutu wa frac; ndipo ukatha, umathandizira mtengo wopanga. Mutu wa chitsime umakhalapo panthawi yobowola, kumaliza, ndi kupanga.

Cholinga chachikulu cha Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndikuwongolera kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa zinthu (nthawi zambiri mafuta kapena gasi) kuchokera pachitsime panthawi yopanga. Ntchito yobowola ikatha, Mtengo wa Khirisimasi umasamutsidwa kupita kumaloko ndikuyikidwa pamutu pa chitsime. Mtengo wa Khirisimasi uli ndi ma valve angapo, ma nipples, zida zolumikizira, ndi zotsekera.

Msonkhano wamba wa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi uli ndi ma valve asanu, iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yakeyake:

Valavu Yopha:Valavu iyi imalowetsa madzi monga kuboola matope kapena madzi amchere m'chitsime kuti ichepetse kuthamanga kwa madzi. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yokonza ndi kukonza chitsime kuti "iphe" chitsime, mwachitsanzo, kuletsa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndikuletsa kuyenda kwa madzi.

Valavu Yopopera:Chophimbacho chili pamwamba pa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi, ndipo chimapereka mwayi wolowera kuchitsime kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi waya kapena mapaipi ozungulira. Izi zimathandiza kuti chitsime chilowerere, chisamalire, kapena kudula mitengo popanda kupha chitsimecho. Chimachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonza ndi kuthetsa mavuto.

Valavu Yopangira Mapiko:Valavu iyi imayang'anira kuyenda kwa mafuta ndi gasi kuchokera pachitsime kupita ku malo opangira zinthu. Ikhoza kutsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa kuti iyambe kapena kuyimitsa kupanga ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito powongolera kuyenda kwa mafuta kuti akonze bwino kupanga kapena kuthana ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepo monga kupanga mchenga.

Valavu Yaikulu Yapamwamba:Vavu ya Upper Master ndi imodzi mwa mavavu oyambira odzipatula, omwe amatha kutseka kwathunthu kutuluka kwa madzi m'chitsime. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidzidzidzi kuti imitse mafuta ndi gasi mwachangu komanso moyenera, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.

Valavu Yaikulu Yotsika:Valavu ya Lower Master ndi valavu ina yodzipatula, yomwe imagwira ntchito mofanana ndi Valavu ya Upper Master. Imapereka kuchepetsedwa kwa mphamvu, kuonetsetsa kuti valavu yosungiramo zinthu ikupezeka kuti izitseke m'chitsime ngati Valavu ya Upper Master yalephera pazifukwa zilizonse. Kukhala ndi Mavavu a Upper Master ndi Lower Master kumapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso njira zodzitetezera.

Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zithetse kupanikizika, kuwongolera kuyenda kwa madzi, komanso kupereka mwayi wopita ku chitsime cha madzi panthawi yomaliza komanso yopanga. Dzina lake limatengedwa chifukwa chofanana ndi mtengo wa Khirisimasi wokongoletsedwa. Zipangizo zofunika kwambirizi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito m'bowo la pansi, kuchepetsa kupanikizika, kubayidwa mankhwala, kuyang'anira zitsime, kapangidwe ka madzi ndi liwiro lake, komanso kuwongolera malo omwe madzi amatuluka.

Kodi Zisindikizo za S-Type ndi FS-Type Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji mu Wellheads ndi Mitengo ya Khirisimasi?

Zisindikizo za S-Type ndi FS-Type zopangidwa bwino kwambiri zopangidwa ndi CDI zimakhala ndi masipuling oletsa kutulutsa mpweya oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. Zisindikizo za S-Type ndi FS-Type zimapereka mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa mpweya m'malo ovuta kwambiri otsekera mpweya kwambiri (HPHT). Zisindikizo zathu za S-Type zimadziwika kuti ndi zosinthira zapamwamba za zisindikizo za T-piece zitatu kapena mphete za O zokhala ndi zotsalira. Zisindikizo zachitsulo za girdle zimaphatikizidwa mu zinthu zapadera zotsekera za elastomeric. Izi zimawathandiza kupirira mipata yayikulu yotulutsa mpweya (mpaka mainchesi 0.125). Zisindikizo za FS-Type zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi mipata yayikulu yotulutsa mpweya kapena komwe mainchesi a zida angakhale osasinthasintha, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zisindikizo za S-Type. Zisindikizo za FS-Type zimaphatikiza masipuling achitsulo a girdle ndi zinthu zapadera zotsekera za elastomeric. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatha kutseka madera omwe amafunikira kutembenuka kwakukulu kuti agwirizane ndi kusiyana kwa mapaipi, ma casing, kapena zigawo zazikulu. Chisindikizo cha FS ndi chisindikizo chamkati cha mainchesi chokhala ndi gawo lokhuthala, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipata yayikulu yotulutsira ndi malo ozungulira okhala ndi chivundikiro cholimba.

CDI imapanga zisindikizo za S-Type ndi FS-Type zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zokhazikika m'makampani pogwiritsa ntchito Nitrile Rubber (NBR), Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR), ndi Fluoroelastomer (FKM) kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zapadera za makasitomala, ndikuzipereka mwachangu nthawi yonse ya bizinesi yawo.

Mtengo wa Khirisimasi kapena Msonkhano wa Chitsime?

Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi gulu la ma valve, ma nipples, ndi zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsime zamafuta, zitsime za gasi, zitsime zolowetsa madzi, zitsime zotayira madzi, zitsime zolowetsa mpweya, zitsime zosungunuka, ndi mitundu ina ya zitsime. Dzina lake limatchedwa chifukwa chofanana ndi mtengo wa Khirisimasi wokongoletsedwa.

Kawirikawiri, mawu akuti “chitsime” ndi “Mtengo wa Khirisimasi” amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana; komabe, ndi zida zosiyana kwambiri. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito Mtengo wa Khirisimasi, chitsime chiyenera kukhalapo; komabe, chitsime chikhoza kukhalapo popanda Mtengo wa Khirisimasi panthawi yobowola. Kupanga zitsime za pamwamba zomwe zimafuna mapampu (mayunitsi opopera, abulu ogwedeza mutu, ndi zina zotero) nthawi zambiri sizigwiritsa ntchito Mtengo wa Khirisimasi chifukwa palibe chifukwa chotseka mphamvu.

Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zovuta za mitengo yaing'ono zawonjezeka. Nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zokhala ndi ma valve angapo m'malo mopangidwa kuchokera ku ma valve angapo opindika.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mtengo ndikuwongolera kulowa kapena kutuluka kwa madzi, nthawi zambiri mafuta kapena gasi.

Mitengo ya Khirisimasi nthawi zambiri imapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo malo obayira mankhwala, njira zogwirira ntchito m'bowo lolowera pansi, njira zochepetsera kupanikizika (monga kulowetsa mpweya m'madzi), ndi malo olumikizirana kuti mitengo ndi zitsime ziziyang'aniridwa (monga, kulumikizana kwa zipangizo zoyezera kupanikizika, kutentha, dzimbiri, kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kuzindikira mchenga, kuyenda kwa madzi, kuyankha kwa valavu ndi malo otsekeka, Zowunikira Kupanikizika ndi Kutentha kwa Pansi (DHPT), ndi zina zotero).

Kodi Cholinga cha Msonkhano wa Wellhead ndi Chiyani?

Popanga zitsime, mankhwala, mowa, kapena mafuta oyeretsera amatha kulowetsedwa kuti apewe ndi/kapena kuthetsa mavuto opanga (monga kutsekeka). Cholumikizira cha chitsime chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwongolera kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kapena kulowetsedwa kwa madzi m'zitsime zopangira kapena zosapanga kuti zisunge kuchuluka kwa "kupanga" kwa zitsime zina m'derali (malo opangira mafuta). Dongosolo lowongolera lolumikizidwa ku cholumikizira cha chitsime limayang'anira Downhole Safety Valve (SCSSV), pomwe cholumikizira cha chitsime chimagwira ntchito ngati kulumikizana ndi njira pakati pa dongosolo lowongolera ndi SCSSV.

Monga mukuonera, ngakhale pachithunzichi cha Mtengo wa Khirisimasi, pali ma valve asanu. Awa ndi Choke Wing Valve, Swab Valve, Production Wing Valve, Upper Master Valve, ndi Lower Master Valve. Ogwira ntchito akakonzeka kupanga ndi kulandira mafuta kapena gasi, ma valve amatseguka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi opangidwa azitha kulowa ndi kudutsa m'mapaipi. Kumvetsetsa komwe kuli ma valve awa ndi ntchito yawo ponyamula gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera ku chitsime kupita kwa kasitomala ndikofunikira.

Matanthauzo a Zigawo

Ma valve awiri apansi amatchedwa Master Valve (Upper ndi Lower) chifukwa ali munjira yoyenda yomwe madzi a m'chitsime ayenera kudutsa kuti akafike pamwamba.

Valavu ya Lower Master nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pamanja, pomwe Valavu ya Upper Master nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi madzi.

Ma valve a mapiko a Hydraulic Christmas Tree nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti atsekedwe bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amafunika kupanikizika kosalekeza kwa hydraulic kuti akhale otseguka.

Valavu yomwe ili kudzanja lamanja nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Valavu ya Mapiko Opanga kapena Valavu ya Mapiko Oyenda, chifukwa imakhala munjira yolowera ku malo opangira.

Vavu yomwe ili kumanzere nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Vavu ya Mapiko a Choke. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pobayira madzi monga zoletsa dzimbiri kapena methanol kuti madzi asapangike.

Vavu yapamwamba imatchedwa Swab Valve, yomwe ili munjira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zotsika pansi monga waya ndi machubu ozungulira. "Choke" ndi chipangizo chomwe chingathe kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa:

Kulamulira kayendedwe ka mpweya, komwe kumatchedwanso voliyumu; kapena

Kupanga kupanikizika kwapansi, komwe kumatchedwanso kuti kupsinjika kwa msana.

Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa mutu wa chitsime ndi Mtengo wa Khirisimasi. Komabe, ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse, chonde musazengereze kulankhula nafe.

Lumikizanani: Jessie Zhou

Foni yam'manja/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com