Njira ndi Machenjezo Okhazikitsa Zipangizo za Wellhead

Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Valve ya Wellhead

Chenjezo liyenera kuperekedwa mukatsegula kapena kutsekavalavuMitundu ina ya ma valve ili ndi pini yodulira pakati pa chogwirira ndi tsinde la valve; ngati mphamvu yochulukirapo igwiritsidwa ntchito, pini yodulira idzasweka yokha kuti iteteze zigawo zamkati mwa valve.

Vavu yaikulu siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potseka chitsime cha mafuta chomwe chikuyenda, pokhapokha ngati pachitika zadzidzidzi. Mavavu opukutira kapena ofanana ndi mapiko nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zotere.

Mu chitsime cha mafuta choyenda, nthawi iliyonse chitseko cha valavu chikatsekedwa, kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la madzi a chitsime panthawi yotseka kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa chitseko.

Kusintha mpando ndi chipata cha valavu (kupatula valavu yayikulu yomwe ili mumtengo wa chitsime) ndikosavuta komanso kotetezeka kuposa kusintha valavu yayikulu.

Nthawi iliyonse valavu ikatsekedwa, chiwerengero cha ma turn ogwiritsira ntchito valavu chiyenera kuwerengedwa bwino. Iyi ndi njira yofunikira yowunikira kuti zida kapena zingwe zisatsekere pamene chingwe kapena chingwe cha chida chingalowe mokwanira mu lubricator.

Chipika cha Machubu

Chopachikira machubu ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira chubu chopangira mkati mwa mutu wa chubu. Chomangira chotseka pa thupi lalikulu la chopachikira machubu chimapanga chisindikizo cha hydraulic pakati pa chopachikira machubu ndi thupi lalikulu la mutu wa chubu. Nthawi zambiri, chopachikira machubu chimapangidwa ndi khosi lotambasuka, lomwe limatseka pansi pa adapter flange kuti lichotse madzi ochokera ku chubu cha chubu ndi chotchinga chotsekedwa.

Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa chopachikira machubu kamapereka njira yokhazikitsira valavu ya kumbuyo kwa chubu (BPV). Thupi lalikulu la chopachikira machubu lili ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira chingwe chaching'ono chowongolera, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi valavu ya mpira wa downhole. Malumikizidwe olumikizidwa ndi ulusi pamwamba ndi pansi pa chopachikira machubu amafanana ndi kukula kwa chingwe cha chubu chopachikika. Pa nthawi yonse ya ntchito ya mutu wa chitsime, chopachikira machubu ndicho chinthu chomwe chimachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi zambiri.

Mtengo wa Khirisimasi

Mtengo wa Khirisimasi (mtengo wa wellhead) ndi chipangizo chopangidwa ndi ma valve ndi zolumikizira zingapo. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulamulira kuyenda kwa madzi m'chitsime ndikupereka mwayi wolowera ku chingwe cha chubu kapena mapaipi opangira. Flange ya adapter ili pansi pa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndipo imalumikizana ndi flange pamwamba pa mutu wa chubu; kukula kwake ndi kupanikizika kwake ndizofanana ndi za flange ya mutu wa chubu.

Mbiri yamkati ya adapter flange iyi imatha kunyamula khosi lotambasuka la chubu chopachikira machubu, ndipo ma adapter flange ena opangidwa amaphatikizanso chisindikizo chachiwiri. Mndandanda wa ma test ports ndi ma vent ports amagawidwa kuzungulira kunja kwa flange yapansi. Ma interfaces awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa secondary packer ndikuchita mayeso olumikizira annular pakati pa ma flanges awiri ogwirizana, annular seal yapansi, ndi secondary packer. Kuti agwirizane ndi interface yomwe ili pakhosi la chubu chopachikira machubu, interface yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza madzi a mzere wowongolera ku downhole safety valve. Kulumikizana kwapamwamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa valavu yoyamba ya Christmas Tree. Mu kasinthidwe ka mtengo wa bolt, adapter flange nthawi zambiri imakhala yogwirizana ndi Christmas Tree valve ndipo imatchedwa gawo la Christmas Tree unit.

Mu Mtengo wa Khirisimasi wofanana, flange ya adaputala imapanga flange ya pansi pa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi.

Zipangizo za Wellhead ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga zitsime za mafuta ndi gasi, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chitetezo cha ntchito zotsika pansi komanso kupitiriza kupanga. Kukhazikitsa zida za Wellhead kuyenera kuchitika motsatira njira zokhazikika kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito zake zikuyenda bwino komanso kupewa ngozi zazikulu monga kutayikira kwa mafuta ndi gasi komanso kuphulika. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira, njira zenizeni komanso njira zodzitetezera pakuyika zida za Wellhead, ndikuphatikiza luso logwiritsa ntchito pokambirana momwe mungatsimikizire kuti zida za Wellhead zikugwira ntchito bwino, modalirika komanso kwanthawi yayitali.

Chidule cha Kapangidwe Koyambira ndi Ntchito ya Zida za Wellhead

1. Kapangidwe Koyambira ka Zida za Wellhead Zida za Wellhead zimakhala ndi zipangizo zingapo, makamaka kuphatikiza zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Chingwe cholumikizira cha chitsime: Chipangizo chosinthira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mutu wa chivundikiro ndi derrick.
• Mutu wa chivundikiro: Umanyamula kulemera kwa zivundikiro za pansi ndipo umathandizira ntchito zina za zingwe. Mutu wa chivundikirocho umaphatikizapo flange yoyambira ndi hanger yomwe imathandizira zivundikirozo.
• Mtengo wa Khirisimasi: Chigawo chachikulu cha zida zogwirira ntchito za chitsime, chomwe chimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi gasi komanso kuthamanga kwa chitsime, kuphatikizapo zipata, ma valve otsekereza, zoyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ndi zina zotero.
• Valavu ya chipata: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyang'anira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa chitsime, kupewa kuphulika kapena kutayikira kwa mafuta ndi gasi.
• Valavu yotsekeka: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mpweya, kuonetsetsa kuti kupanga kukupitirizabe komanso kukhala kotetezeka.
• Choletsa Kuphulika kwa Madzi (BOP): Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyang'anira zitsime pazochitika zadzidzidzi kuti tipewe ngozi za kuphulika kwa madzi.

2. Ntchito Zazikulu za Zida za Wellhead Ntchito zazikulu za zida za Wellhead zikuphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• Lumikizani ma casing a downbooth ndi malo ogwirira ntchito pamwamba: Zipangizo za wellhead zimalumikiza ma casing ndikupereka chithandizo chokhazikika cha mtengo wa Khirisimasi, komanso zimapereka malo olowera zida zogwirira ntchito downbooth.
• Lamulirani kuthamanga kwa mutu wa chitsime: Sinthani kuthamanga kwa mutu wa chitsime kudzera muzipangizo monga ma valve a chipata ndi ma gauge oyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti mafuta ndi gasi asatuluke.
• Onetsetsani kuti zitsime zimayang'anira chitetezo: Mwa kukhazikitsa zipangizo monga BOPs, zimathandiza kuti zinthu zadzidzidzi monga kuphulika kwa madzi zitha kuyankhidwa mwachangu panthawi yogwira ntchito yotsitsa madzi.
• Sinthani ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi gasi: Valavu yotsekeka mu chipangizo chothandizira kutsuka mpweya imatha kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi gasi, kuonetsetsa kuti minda ya mafuta ndi gasi imapanga bwino.

II. Njira Yokhazikitsira Zipangizo za Wellhead Kukhazikitsa zida za wellhead ndi njira yovuta yokhala ndi masitepe angapo, ndipo gawo lililonse liyenera kuchitika motsatira njira zokhazikika zogwirira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, njira yokhazikitsira zida za wellhead imaphatikizapo masitepe otsatirawa:

1. Ntchito Yokonzekera Ntchito Yomanga Isanamangidwe

• Kuwunikanso Kapangidwe: Asanayambe kukhazikitsa zida zogwirira ntchito, gulu lomanga liyenera kuwunikanso kapangidwe ka zida zogwirira ntchito kuti litsimikizire kuti chitsanzo ndi kupanikizika kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Onetsetsani kuti zojambula ndi mndandanda wa zida zonse ndi zolondola.
• Kuyang'anira Zipangizo: Yang'anani mosamala zigawo zonse za zida za chitsime kuti muwone ngati zili zolondola. Onetsetsani kuti zigawo monga nkhope za flange, zomangira, mabolt, ndi mtedza sizikuwonongeka ndipo zikukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera. Onetsetsani kuti flanges ndi ma gaskets ndi oyera komanso opanda zodetsa.
• Kukonzekera Malo Omangira: Onetsetsani kuti malo omangira ndi athyathyathya, oyera, komanso opanda zopinga. Ngati pakufunika kutero, chitani njira zopewera moto ndi fumbi pamalo omangira kuti mutsimikizire kuti malo omangira ndi otetezeka komanso odalirika.
• Kukonzekera Chida: Konzani zida zosiyanasiyana zofunika poyika, kuphatikizapo mabuleki, zida zokwezera, mafuta odzola, zotsekera, ndi zina zotero.

2. Ikani Mutu wa Chikwama

Mutu wa chivundikiro ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zipangizo za chitsime, ndipo kuyika kwake kuyenera kukhala kolondola kwambiri.

• Kuyeretsa Flange: Musanayike, choyamba yeretsani flange ya chitsime kuti muwonetsetse kuti nkhope ya flange ndi yoyera komanso yosawonongeka, komanso pamwamba pa gasket ndi yoyera komanso yathyathyathya.
• Kukhazikitsa Gasket: Mukakhazikitsa mutu wa casing, kusankha gasket ndikofunikira kwambiri. Gasket yothamanga kwambiri yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino. Gasket iyenera kuyikidwa mofanana pakati pa ma flanges kuti isagwedezeke kapena kupotoka.
• Kuyika Mutu wa Chikwama: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zokwezera kuti mukweze mutu wa chikwama pamwamba pa mutu wa chikwama, muugwirizanitse mosamala ndi flange, ndikuuyika pang'onopang'ono pa flange ya mutu wa chikwama. Gwiritsani ntchito mulingo kuti muwone ngati mutu wa chikwama uli wopingasa ndikusintha bwino.
• Kulimbitsa Boluti: Limbitsani maboluti a flange mofanana mogwirizana ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Mukalimbitsa maboluti, payenera kutsatiridwa njira yopingasa, ndipo mphamvu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutseka ndi mphamvu yofanana ya flange ikugwira ntchito. Mphamvu ya boluti iliyonse iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa zida.

3. Ikani Mtengo wa Khirisimasi

Kukhazikitsa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa zida zogwirira ntchito, ndipo cholinga chake ndikulamulira kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mpweya komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya wogwirira ntchito.

• Cholumikizira cha Matako cha Flange: Lumikizani matako pansi pa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi cholumikizira chapamwamba cha mutu wa chivundikiro. Musanalumikize cholumikizira, onaninso ngati pamwamba pa flange ndi poyera komanso pathyathyathya, ndikutsimikizira kuti gasket ili bwino.
• Ikani Vavu Yaikulu ya Chipata: Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku komwe valavu yayikulu ya chipata ikuyendera komanso komwe ikugwira ntchito panthawi yoyika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zitsime zikugwira ntchito mosavuta. Mukayika valavu yayikulu ya chipata, ikani mafuta okwanira kuti valavuyo igwire ntchito mosavuta.
• Ma Vavulo Olumikizira Mbali ndi Zowonjezera Zina: Mtengo wa Khirisimasi nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi ma vavulo angapo a zipata ndi ma vavulo otsekereza. Ma vavulo awa ayenera kuyikidwa motsatizana malinga ndi zofunikira pakujambula, ndipo magwiridwe antchito otseka gawo lililonse lolumikizira ayenera kutsimikizika.
• Ikani Chiyeso cha Kupanikizika: Ikani choyezera kupanikizika pamalo oyenera pa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi kuti muwone kuthamanga kwa mpweya nthawi yomweyo.

4. Ikani Choletsa Kuphulika (BOP)

Choletsa kuphulika (BOP) ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zowongolera zitsime, ndipo kuyika kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri. Njira yoyika iyenera kuchitika motsatira njira zokhazikika.

• Onani momwe BOP Sealing Performance: Musanayambe kukhazikitsa, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa BOP mwatsatanetsatane kuti muwonetsetse kuti ma seal ali bwino.
• Kuyika ndi Kuyika: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zokwezera kuti mukweze BOP pamwamba pa mutu wa chitsime, igwirizaneni pang'onopang'ono ndi mutu wa chitsime, ndikuyiyika pamalo ake. Kenako mangani mabotolo a flange monga momwe zafotokozedwera kuti muwonetsetse kuti kulumikizana kuli kotetezeka.
• Kuyesa Kupanikizika: Pambuyo poti BOP yakhazikitsidwa, chitani mayeso a kuthamanga. Mutu wa chitsime nthawi zambiri umakakamizidwa kuti uyese momwe BOP imagwirira ntchito yotseka, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe mpweya wotuluka kapena mafuta omwe atuluka.

5. Kukhazikitsa ndi Kuvomereza Pambuyo Pokhazikitsa

• Kuyesa Kupanikizika kwa Wellhead: Pambuyo poyika, kuyezetsa kwathunthu kwa kuthamanga kwa zida za wellhead kumafunika kuti zitsimikizire momwe zimatsekera komanso mphamvu yonyamula kupanikizika ya chipangizocho. Kupanikizika koyeserera kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake, nthawi zambiri kuwirikiza ka 1.5 kuposa kuthamanga kwenikweni kwa ntchito.
• Kukhazikitsa Zipangizo: Ikani valavu iliyonse ya Mtengo wa Khirisimasi kuti muwonetsetse kuti mavalavuwo akutseguka ndi kutsekedwa mosavuta, ndipo valavu yotsekeka imasintha kayendedwe ka madzi mokhazikika. Onetsetsani ngati choyezera kuthamanga kwa madzi chikugwira ntchito bwino.
• Kuvomereza ndi Kulemba: Ntchito yomanga ikatha, mainjiniya oyenerera ayenera kuchita kuvomereza kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchitoyo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake, ndikusunga zolemba zoyikira, kuphatikizapo zambiri monga nambala ya zida, okhazikitsa, ndi zotsatira za mayeso.

III. Malangizo Oteteza Kukhazikitsa Zipangizo za Wellhead

1. Kuyang'anira ndi Kukonza Zipangizo

• Kuyang'anira Zipangizo Zisanayambe Kuyika: Chigawo chilichonse cha zida za chitsime chiyenera kufufuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane chisanayambe kuyika, makamaka zigawo zomwe zimawonongeka mosavuta monga zisindikizo ndi nkhope za flange, kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe kuwonongeka kapena dzimbiri.
• Kusankha Zipangizo Zotsekera: Zisindikizo za zida za mutu wa chitsime zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha mutu wa chitsime. Pozisankha, ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa zida za mutu wa chitsime. Zipangizo zotsekera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo rabara ndi graphite.
• Kuwongolera Mphamvu ya Bolt: Mabolt a Flange ayenera kumangidwa motsatira mphamvu yokhazikika, ndipo sayenera kukhala olimba kwambiri kapena omasuka kwambiri. Mabolt ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yofanana kuti apewe kulephera kwa chisindikizo chifukwa cha mphamvu yosagwirizana pankhope ya flange.

2. Kuyang'anira Chitetezo cha Ntchito Yomanga

• Malamulo Okhudza Chitetezo cha Malo: Pakuyika zida zogwirira ntchito, ogwira ntchito yomanga ayenera kutsatira malamulo oteteza pamalopo, kuphatikizapo kuvala Zida Zodzitetezera (PPE) ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera moto ndi kuphulika.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zokwezera: Kukhazikitsa zida zokwezera chitsime nthawi zambiri kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokwezera; ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kulandira maphunziro aukadaulo kuti atsimikizire chitetezo panthawi yokwezera chitsime.
• Malangizo Oteteza Pakuyika BOP: Kuyika BOP ndikofunikira kwambiri, makamaka m'malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuphulika kwa madzi. Kuthamanga kwa chitsime kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi yeniyeni panthawi yoyika kuti tipewe ngozi za kuphulika kwa madzi.

3. Mfundo Zofunika Zaukadaulo Panthawi Yokhazikitsa

• Kutseka kwa Malumikizidwe a Flange: Kutseka kwa malumikizidwe a flange ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pakuyika zida zonse za chitsime. Pamwamba pa flange payenera kukhala kosalala komanso kosalala, kopanda mabowo kapena mikwingwirima; gasket iyenera kuyikidwa mofanana popanda kuphimba kapena kuphimba.
• Kukhazikitsa BOP Molondola: Kukhazikitsa BOP kumafuna kulondola kwambiri, makamaka m'malo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe kutayikira komwe kumalumikizana ndi BOP ndi mutu wa chitsime.

4. Zotsatira za Zinthu Zachilengedwe pa Kukhazikitsa

• Mkhalidwe wa Nyengo: Kuyika zida zomangira chitsime nthawi zina kumachitika m'malo ovuta, monga kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kochepa kapena mphepo yamphamvu. Zipangizo zomangira zimatha kusintha nyengo ikaipa, kotero mawonekedwe a nyengo ya chitsime ayenera kuganiziridwa posankha zipangizo zomangira.
• Mikhalidwe ya Malo: Kuvuta kwa malo ogwirira chitsime kudzakhudzanso kuyika zida za zitsime. M'malo ovuta monga mapiri ndi zipululu, zovuta zomangira zimawonjezeka, kotero kukonzekera malo okwanira kuyenera kuchitika.

IV. Mavuto ndi Mayankho Ofala Pokhazikitsa Zipangizo za Wellhead

1. Nkhani Yolephera kwa Chisindikizo

• Kufotokozera Vuto: Zipangizo za chitsime zikayikidwa, mavuto monga kutayikira kwa mafuta ndi kutayikira kwa mpweya kumachitika pa cholumikizira cha flange.
• Mayankho:
• Onetsetsani ngati nkhope ya flange yawonongeka; pukutani ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Onetsetsani ngati gasket ndi yoyenera; sinthani gasket ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Mangani mabotolo a flange kuti muwonetsetse kuti mphamvu yawo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse.

2. Ntchito Yosasinthasintha ya Valuvu

• Kufotokozera Vuto: Pambuyo poyika, ma valve a Mtengo wa Khirisimasi sasinthasintha panthawi yogwira ntchito, kapena sangatsegulidwe kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu.
• Mayankho:
• Yang'anani momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito; onjezerani mafuta odzola ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Onetsetsani ngati njira yoyikira valavu ndi yolondola; ikhazikitseninso ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Chotsani zinthu zilizonse zakunja zomwe zili mkati mwa valavu kuti muwonetsetse kuti njira yake si yotsekedwa.

3. Kulephera kwa Kuyeza Kupanikizika

• Kufotokozera Vuto: Pambuyo poyika, choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya sichingathe kuwerenga kuthamanga kwa mpweya bwino.
• Mayankho:
• Onetsetsani ngati choyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi chayikidwa bwino; chiyikeninso ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Onani ngati choyezera kuthamanga kwa magazi chawonongeka; chisintheni ngati pakufunika kutero.

V. MapetoKukhazikitsa zida zogwirira ntchito za chitsime ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo chitetezo chake ndi kudalirika kwake zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha malo ogwirira ntchito. Panthawi yokhazikitsa, ntchito ziyenera kuchitika motsatira njira zonse, mosamala kwambiri - makamaka magwiridwe antchito otseka ma flange ndi kulondola kwa choletsa kuphulika (BOP). Nthawi yomweyo, ogwira ntchito yomanga ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chochuluka pakugwira ntchito komanso chidziwitso chachitetezo kuti atsimikizire kuti zida zogwirira ntchito zachitsime zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachizolowezi, kusintha kuyenera kupangidwa limodzi ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a malo enieni a chitsime kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito yokhazikitsa ikuyenda bwino komanso chitetezo.

Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Valve ya Wellhead

Kugwira Ntchito kwa Valuvu

Chenjezo liyenera kuperekedwa potsegula kapena kutseka valavu. Mitundu ina ya mavalavu imakhala ndi pini yodulira pakati pa chogwirira ndi tsinde la valavu; ngati mphamvu yochulukirapo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, piniyo imadulira kuti iteteze zigawo zamkati za valavu. Pokhapokha ngati pachitika ngozi, valavu yayikulu siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka chitsime choyenda. Mavalavu osambira kapena mavalavu a mapiko nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi iliyonse chipata cha valavu chikatsekedwa m'chitsime choyenda, kuthamanga kwa madzi a chitsime panthawi yotseka kudzapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale kusweka. Kusintha mpando ndi chipata mu valavu ndikosavuta komanso kotetezeka kuposa kusintha valavu yayikulu mu Mtengo wa Khirisimasi. Mukatseka valavu, onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira kwa valavu. Iyi ndi njira yanzeru yopewera zingwe za zida kapena zingwe kuti zisamatirire mu Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ngati chidacho chakwera mokwanira mu chotsukira mafuta.

Chipika cha Machubu

Chopachikira machubu ndi chipangizo chomwe chimathandizira chubu chopangira mkati mwa mutu wa chubu. Chomangira chomangira pa thupi la chopachikira machubu chimapereka chisindikizo cha hydraulic pakati pa chopachikira machubu ndi thupi la mutu wa chubu. Nthawi zambiri, chopachikira machubu chimapangidwa ndi khosi lotambasuka lomwe limatseka pansi pa adapter flange, ndikulekanitsa madzi a chitsime kuchokera ku kulumikizana kwa mutu wa chubu ndi chotchinga chotsekedwa.

Mbiri yamkati ya chopachikira chubu imapereka njira yoikira valavu ya kumbuyo kwa chubu (BPV). Thupi lalikulu la chopachikira chubu lili ndi madoko omwe amadutsa mzere wowongolera waung'ono wolumikizidwa ku valavu ya mpira wa downhole. Malumikizidwe olumikizidwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa chopachikira chubu amafanana ndi chingwe cha chubu chopachikira. Pa nthawi yonse ya ntchito ya mutu wa chitsime, chopachikira chubu ndi chomwe chimachotsedwa nthawi zambiri ndikusinthidwa.

Mtengo wa Khirisimasi

Mtengo wa Khirisimasi ndi gulu lopangidwa ndi ma valve ndi zolumikizira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulamulira kuyenda kwa madzi m'chitsime ndikupereka mwayi wolowera ku chingwe cha chubu kapena mapaipi opangira. Flange ya adapter ndi cholumikizira chomwe chili pansi pa Mtengo wa Khirisimasi, chogwirizana ndi flange pamwamba pa mutu wa chubu, ndipo chili ndi kukula ndi kupanikizika kofanana ndi flange ya mutu wa chubu.

Mbiri yamkati ya adapter flange iyi imakwanira khosi lalitali la chubu chopachikira machubu; pa mapangidwe ena a adapter flange, mbiriyo idzakhala ndi chisindikizo chachiwiri. Kuzungulira kunja kwa flange yapansi pali zolumikizira zingapo zama test ports ndi vent ports. Ma ports awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa secondary packer ndikuchita mayeso olumikizira annular pakati pa ma flange awiri ogwirizana, annular seal yapansi, ndi secondary packer. Kuti agwirizane ndi doko lomwe lili pakhosi la chubu chopachikira machubu, doko lina limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza madzi owongolera ku downhole safety valve. Kulumikizana kwapamwamba ndi kwa valavu yoyamba ya Christmas Tree. Mu Christmas Tree yamtundu wa bolt, adapter flange nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo lofunikira la Christmas Tree valve ndipo imatchedwa gawo la Christmas Tree unit.

Lumikizanani: Jessie Zhou

Foni yam'manja/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com