Zida khumi zabwino kwambiri zomaliza zitsime

Mitundu ya zida zodutsira pansi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomaliza mafuta ndi kupanga zinthu zina ndi izi: Packer, SSSV, Sliding Sleev, (Nipple), Side Pocket Mandrel, Seating Nipple, Flow Coupling, Blast joint, Test Valve, Drain Valve, Mandrel, Plug, ndi zina zotero.

1. Opaka

Chopakira ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri pakupanga, ndipo ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:

Siyanitsani zigawo zopangira kuti mupewe kusakanikirana ndi kusokoneza madzi ndi kupanikizika pakati pa zigawo;

Kulekanitsa madzi opha ndi madzi opangidwa;

Kukwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakupanga mafuta (gasi) ndi ntchito zogwirira ntchito;

Sungani madzi opakidwa mu casing annulus kuti muteteze casing ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ipangidwa bwino.

Mapaketi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza mafuta (gasi) m'munda wamafuta akunja akhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: yobwezerezedwanso ndi yokhazikika, ndipo malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira, akhoza kugawidwa m'ma hydraulic setting, mechanical setting ndi cable setting. Mapaketi amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yambiri, ndipo kusankha koyenera kuyenera kupangidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni zopangira. Zigawo zofunika kwambiri za paki ndi ma slip ndi rabara, ndipo ma paki ena alibe ma slip (ma paki a zitsime zotseguka). Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma paki, ntchito yayikulu yomwe ndi kuthandizira pakati pa ma slip ndi casing ndi kutseka pakati pa ma slip ndi casing kuti atseke malo enaake.

2. Valavu yotetezera pansi

Valavu yotetezera madzi m'chitsime ndi chipangizo chowongolera kuyenda kwa madzi m'chitsime molakwika, monga moto pa nsanja yopanga mafuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuphulika kwa mapaipi, kuphulika, kutuluka kwa chitsime cha mafuta chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi chivomerezi, ndi zina zotero, kotero kuti valavu yotetezera madzi m'chitsimecho ikhoza kutsekedwa yokha kuti madzi m'chitsimecho azitha kuyendetsa bwino madzi.

1) Kugawa ma valve otetezera:

• Valavu yotetezera yobwezerezedwanso ya waya wachitsulo
• Valavu yotetezeka yonyamulika ya chitoliro cha mafuta
• Valavu yotetezera ya annulus yophimba chivundikiro Valavu yotetezeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi valavu yotetezeka yonyamulika ya chubu

2) Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Akapanikizika pansi, mafuta a hydraulic amatumizidwa ku dzenje lopatsira mphamvu kupita ku piston kudzera mu payipi yowongolera mphamvu ya hydraulic, kukankhira piston pansi ndikukanikiza kasupe, ndipo valavu yotseka imatsegulidwa. Ngati kuthamanga kwa hydraulic control kumasungidwa, valavu yotetezera imakhala yotseguka; kumasula Kupanikizika kwa chingwe chowongolera mphamvu ya hydraulic kumakankhidwira mmwamba ndi mphamvu ya kasupe kuti piston isunthire mmwamba, ndipo mbale ya valavu imakhala yotsekedwa.

3. Chikwama chotsetsereka

1) Chovala chotsetsereka chingatseke kapena kulumikiza kulumikizana pakati pa chingwe chopangira ndi malo ozungulira kudzera mu mgwirizano pakati pa manja amkati ndi akunja. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kuyambitsa kuphulika kwa chitsime chitatha kumangidwa;
• Kufa kwa magazi m'thupi;
• Kukweza mafuta
• Pampu ya jeti yokhala pansi
• Zitsime zokhala ndi zigawo zambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyana, kuyesa magawo, kulowetsa magawo, ndi zina zotero;
• Kukumba migodi yosiyanasiyana;
• Ikani pulagi m'chitsime kuti mutseke chitsimecho kapena kuti muyese kuthamanga kwa chubucho;
• Mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri ozungulira, ndi zina zotero.

2) Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Chikwama chotsetsereka chimatseka kapena kulumikiza njira pakati pa chitoliro cha mafuta ndi malo ozungulira posuntha chikwama chamkati. Pamene njira ya chikwama chamkati ikuyang'ana njira ya thupi la chikwama chotsetsereka, njira yotsetsereka imakhala yotseguka. Zikazunguliridwa, chikwama chotsetsereka chimatsekedwa. Pali silinda yogwira ntchito pamwamba pa chikwama chotsetsereka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza chipangizo chowongolera kuyenda kwa dzenje lotsika chokhudzana ndi chikwama chotsetsereka. Pali malo otsekera pamwamba ndi pansi pa chikwama chamkati, chomwe chingagwirizane ndi kulongedza kwa chipangizo chotsetsereka kuti chitseke. Lumikizani chida chosinthira chikwama chotsetsereka pansi pa chingwe choyambira cha chida, ndikuchita ntchito ya waya wachitsulo. Chikwama chotsetsereka chikhoza kuyatsidwa ndikuzimitsidwa. Ena mwa iwo amafunika kugwedeza pansi kuti asunthe chikwama kuti atsegule chikwama chotsetsereka, pomwe ena amafunika kugwedeza mmwamba kuti apange mkati. Chikwamacho chimakwera kuti atsegule chikwama chotsetsereka.

4. Nipple

1) Kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Nipple yogwira ntchito

Kugawa Ma Nipples:

(1) Malinga ndi njira yoikira zinthu: pali mitundu itatu: selictivity, Top NO-GO ndi Bottom NO-GO, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Zithunzi a, b, ndi c.

Ma mandrel ena amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wosankha komanso woyimitsa pamwamba (monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi b). Mtundu wosankha umatanthauza kuti m'mimba mwake wamkati wa mandrel mulibe gawo lochepetsera m'mimba mwake, ndipo kukula kofanana kwa chida chokhalira kumatha kudutsamo, kotero mandrel angapo ofanana kukula kwake akhoza kutsitsidwa mu chingwe chomwecho cha chitoliro, ndipo choyimitsa chapamwamba chimatanthauza kuti m'mimba mwake wamkati wa mandrel wotsekedwa ndi. Pamwamba pa choyimitsa chokhala ndi sitepe yosuntha pa gawo lochepetsedwa m'mimba mwake chimagwira ntchito pamwamba, pomwe gawo lochepetsedwa m'mimba mwake la choyimitsa cha pansi lili pansi, gawo lotsekera la pulagi silingadutse, ndipo choyimitsa pansi nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pansi pa chingwe chomwecho cha chitoliro. Monga chopachikira zida komanso kupewa zingwe za zida za waya kuti zisagwere pansi pa chitsime.

(2) Malinga ndi kuthamanga kwa ntchito: pali kuthamanga kwabwinobwino ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, koyamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsime zachikhalidwe, ndipo komaliza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi zomwe zimakhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Nipples:

• Khalani mu jammer.
• Khalani pansi pa nthaka kuti muwongolere valavu yotetezera yokha.
• Khalani mu valavu yoyezera.

Gwiritsani ntchito chida chothandizira (choke nozzle) kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa mutu wa chitsime.

• Gwirizanani ndi Nipple Yopukutidwa, ikani chigoba cholekanitsa kapena cholumikizira cha mwana wagalu, konzani chitoliro cha mafuta chowonongeka kapena chitoliro chokhuthala pafupi ndi mafuta.
• Khalani pansi ndikuyika zida zoyezera pansi.
• Zingathe kuletsa chingwe cha chida kugwa pansi pa chitsime panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito waya.

5. Mandrel ya M'thumba Lalikulu

1) Kapangidwe ka ntchito

Chitoliro cha Side Pocket Mandrel ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri zogwirira chitsime. Chimaphatikizidwa ndi ma valve osiyanasiyana okweza mpweya kuti chigwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokweza mpweya, kuyika ma nozzles amadzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikuyikamo jakisoni woyikidwa. Kapangidwe kake kakuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi, kali ndi magawo awiri, chitoliro choyambira ndi silinda yozungulira, kukula kwa chitoliro choyambira ndikofanana ndi kwa chitoliro chamafuta, gawo lapamwamba lili ndi chogwirira, ndipo silinda yozungulira ili ndi mutu wozindikiritsa zida, mpata wotseka, silinda yotsekera ndi dzenje lolumikizirana lakunja.

2) Makhalidwe a Mandrel a M'thumba Lalikulu:

Kuyika: Pangani mitundu yonse ya zida zogwetsera pansi kuti zikhale zachilendo ndipo zilowetsedwe molondola mu mbiya yosadziwika.

Kuzindikirika: Zida zolowera pansi za kukula koyenera zimayendetsedwa mwanjira yodabwitsa mu mbiya yodabwitsa, pomwe zida zina zazikulu zimadutsa mu chitoliro choyambira.

Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mayeso kumaloledwa.

2) Ntchito ya Side Pocket Mandrel: kukweza mpweya, kubaya mankhwala, kubaya madzi, kupha kuyenda kwa magazi, ndi zina zotero.

6. Pulagi

Ngati palibe valavu yotetezera pansi kapena valavu yotetezera yalephera, waya wachitsulo umagwira ntchito, ndipo pulagi yofanana imatsitsidwa mu silinda yogwirira ntchito kuti itseke chitsimecho. Kuyesa kuthamanga kwa machubu ndi kukhazikitsa ma hydraulic packers panthawi yomaliza kapena ntchito yokonzanso chitsimecho.

7. Valavu yokweza mpweya

Valavu yokweza mpweya imatsitsidwa mu silinda yogwira ntchito yachilendo, yomwe imatha kupanga njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kukweza mpweya, monga kukweza mpweya kosalekeza kapena kukweza mpweya kosalekeza.

8. Kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe ka madzi

Chitoliro cholumikizira madzi kwenikweni ndi chitoliro chokhuthala, chomwe mainchesi ake amkati ndi ofanana ndi a chitoliro cha mafuta, koma mainchesi akunja ndi akulu pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto ndi kumunsi kwa valavu yotetezera. Pa zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi zomwe zimabala zipatso zambiri, zitsime zamafuta zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zimatha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito kapena ayi. Mpweya wamafuta womwe umabala zipatso zambiri ukadutsa mu valavu yotetezera, umayambitsa kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mainchesi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya eddy iwonongeke komanso kuwonongeka kumapeto kwake apamwamba ndi otsika.

9. Valavu yochotsera mafuta

Vavu yotulutsira mafuta nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa mapaipi amafuta 1-2 pamwamba pa valavu yoyezera. Ndi malo otulutsira madzi mu payipi yamafuta pamene ntchito yowunikira pampu yakwezedwa mmwamba, kuti achepetse katundu wa chogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa madzi a chitsime kuti asaipitse denga la nsanja ndi chilengedwe. Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ya mavavu otulutsira mafuta: drain yoponya ndodo ndi drain yoponya mpira ya hydraulic. Yoyamba ndi yoyenera kwambiri pa zitsime zoonda zamafuta ndi zitsime zolemera zomwe zimadulidwa madzi ambiri; yomalizayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zitsime zolemera zamafuta zomwe zimadulidwa madzi ochepa ndipo ili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu.

10. Chokokera mapaipi

1) Cholinga: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa simenti, chivundikiro cha simenti, sera yolimba, makristalo osiyanasiyana amchere kapena zotsalira, ma burrs obowola ndi iron oxide ndi dothi lina lotsala pakhoma lamkati la chivundikirocho, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zolowera pansi. Makamaka pamene malo ozungulira pakati pa chida cholowera pansi ndi m'mimba mwake wa chivundikirocho ndi ochepa, gawo lotsatira la zomangamanga liyenera kuchitika mutapukuta mokwanira.

2) Kapangidwe: Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi thupi, mbale ya mpeni, chipika chokhazikika, chipika chokanikiza ndi zina.

3) Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: musanalowe m'chitsime, kukula kwakukulu kwa choyikapo chachikulu cha chokokeracho kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kukula kwa mkati mwa chitsimecho. Mukalowa m'chitsimecho, tsamba limakakamizidwa kukanikiza kasupe, ndipo kasupeyo amapereka mphamvu yolumikizira. Mukakokera zinthu zolimba, pamafunika ma scrapes angapo kuti akokere mpaka mkati mwa chitsimecho. Chokokeracho chimalumikizidwa kumapeto kwa chingwe cha chitoliro chotsikira pansi, ndipo kuyenda kwa chingwe cha chitolirocho ndi chakudya cha axial panthawi yopachika pansi.

Kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka tsamba, tsamba lililonse lozungulira lili ndi mbali ziwiri zodulira zooneka ngati arc mkati ndi kunja. Mphamvu yopera. Masamba ooneka ngati mzere amagawidwa mofanana pamwamba pa chokokera malinga ndi mzere wakumanzere wa helical, zomwe zimathandiza matope obwerera pamwamba kuti achotse zinyalala zokokedwa.