Momwe Mungapewere Kumamatira kwa Chingwe cha Bowola (Kutaya Kulemera pa Chingwe) mu Bowola？

Mawu akuti "kuchepa kwa kulemera pa bit" (LWB) amatanthauza zochitika panthawi yobowola pomwe kulemera kopangidwa pa bit (WOB) sikugwira ntchito pa drill bit. M'malo mwake, chifukwa cha kukangana kwakukulu pakati pa chingwe chobowola pansi ndi khoma lobowola bwino, kulemera konse komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatengedwa ndi chingwe chobowola.

Mukagwiritsa ntchito WOB, wellbore shrinkage nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kuti kulemera kugwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira pachingwe chobowolerakapena zokhazikika. Izi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito kulemera kosalekeza, koma mphamvu yokakamiza ya chingwe chobowolera iyenera kuganiziridwa. Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa kulemera kungayambitse kuyenda pang'ono pansi kwa chingwe chobowolera; kugwiritsa ntchito kulemera mobwerezabwereza kumalola chingwe chobowolera kusuntha kudutsa gawo lofooka la chitsime. Panthawi yomwe chingwe chobowolera chikutuluka mu gawoli, chobowolera chimakhudza mwachangu pansi pa chitsimecho. Popeza WOB pamalopo ndi yayikulu kuposa ya kubowolera kwachizolowezi, chobowolera chimalowa mkati mwa mapangidwewo mozama kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti torque ikwere mwadzidzidzi. Izi zingayambitse tebulo lozungulira kapena top drive kuyima. Ngati kuyima kwachitika, musakweze chingwe chobowolera mwadzidzidzi—yambani kutulutsa torque. Kubowolera kwachizolowezi kumatha kuyambiranso mutasintha mobwerezabwereza.

Kutaya kulemera pa bit nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'mikhalidwe iyi: kuboola zitsime zoyima molunjika pogwiritsa ntchito zitsime zozungulira kumbuyo kapena zozungulira zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zozungulira kumbuyo, kupukuta mawindo ndi kuboola molunjika molunjika, ndi kuboola molunjika molunjika m'chitsime chopingasa. Chifukwa cha njira yolowera m'chitsime ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotsutsa, zimakhala zovuta kuti mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chingwe chobowola ipite ku bit yobowola. Kuchokera ku zida zonse zolembera matope ndi zizindikiro zolemera, izi zikuwonetsedwa motere: malo a bit yobowola sasintha ndipo palibe chithunzi chomwe chikupezeka ngakhale WOB ikuwonjezeka mosalekeza; kuthamanga kwa pampu sikukwera ndipo palibe kutsekeka kwa pampu komwe kumachitika. Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwina kwa WOB kungayambitse kutsekeka kwadzidzidzi kwa pampu. Pa zitsime zozungulira, kutayika kulemera pa bit sikungosokoneza ntchito zachizolowezi zozungulira komanso kumawopseza chitoliro chomangika ngati ntchito sizili bwino.

1. Limbitsani Kuwongolera kwa Njira Yoyendetsera Madzi ndi Kukonza Kasinthidwe ka Zingwe za Kubowola

Pofuna kuthana ndi kutayika kwa kulemera chifukwa cha njira yolakwika ya wellbor, njira yayikulu yopangira zinthu ndikuwongolera njira yoyendetsera zinthu. Pa zitsime zokhala ndi ngodya yayitali komanso zofikira kutali, njira yoyendetsera bwino iyenera kutsatiridwa kuti kupotoka kwa chitsime ndi azimuth zigwirizane ndi kapangidwe kake, kupewa kubwereranso m'mbuyo chifukwa cha kupotoka kuchokera ku kapangidwe kake.

Pa kutayika kwa kulemera pa bit chifukwa cha njira yolakwika ya wellbore, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kupangitsa kuti chingwe chobowolera chikhale chosavuta: kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa makola obowolera ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapaipi obowolera olemera (HWDP). Izi zimachepetsa kulimba kwa chingwe chobowolera, zimachepetsa malo olumikizirana pakati pa chingwe chobowolera ndi keke yamatope, komanso zimaletsa kutayika kwa kulemera pa bit ndi differential stick.

Pakuchepetsa kulemera pogwiritsa ntchito zitsime zopingasa, njira zoyenera kuzitsatira ziyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuyeretsa zitsime, mafuta odzola, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito za makina obowola.

2. Limbikitsani Kuyeretsa

Kuyeretsa bwino kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa zitsime ndi kuyeretsa matope pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowongolera zolimba pamwamba.

Sinthani Kutha Kunyamula Matope ndi Zidutswa

Mu mapulojekiti obowola aposachedwa, ma PDC bits pamodzi ndi ukadaulo wa injini yoyendetsedwa bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidulezo zikhale zazing'ono komanso zoduladula pang'ono - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina pakuyeretsa mabowo ang'onoang'ono.

Zofunikira pa Kusamuka kwa Magawo Osiyanasiyana a Wellbore:Pa gawo la chitsime la φ311 mm, kusuntha kuyenera kukhala kokwera kuposa 3.4 m³/min; pa gawo la chitsime la φ216 mm, kuyenera kukhala kokwera kuposa 1.1 m³/min.

Sinthani Magawo a Rheological a Matope Kutengera Kubwerera kwa Zidutswa za Downhole:Pa madzi obowola a polima otsika mphamvu, chiŵerengero cha pulasitiki chosinthasintha chiyenera kulamulidwa pakati pa 0.42 ndi 0.50 kuti zitsimikizire kuti zodulidwazo zikugwira ntchito bwino. Ponena za kukhuthala kwa matope ndi mphamvu ya gel, kukhuthala kwa zitsime zolunjika kwambiri kuyenera kusungidwa kwa masekondi 48—kukhuthala kwakukulu ndi mphamvu ya gel zimathandiza kupewa kukhazikika kwa zodulidwazo molunjika.

Mu ntchito imodzi yobowola, pamene chitsime chinapatuka madigiri 50–60, kuwonjezerapo gel ya organic positive kunachepetsa kukhuthala kwa matope kufika pa masekondi pafupifupi 42, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zidutswa za pansi zisabwerere bwino komanso kutaya kulemera pang'ono panthawi yobowola molunjika. Mikhalidwe yachizolowezi ya pansi matope inabwezeretsedwa pambuyo powonjezera kukhuthala kwa matope kufika pa masekondi 50.

Pa zitsime zomwe zili ndi kuya kopitirira mamita 200–300, zitsime zopingasa zimatha kukokedwa ku gawo la chitsime ndi kupotoka kwa madigiri 20–30. Mu kasinthidwe ka chingwe chobowolera pobowolera molunjika, nthawi zambiri ma kolala angapo obowolera amaphatikizidwa. Mu zitsime zomwe zangobowoledwa kumene, kupezeka kwa makolala obowolera kumawonjezera liwiro lobwerera kwa matope, kotero mabedi odulidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'bowo lakale la chitsime. Chifukwa chake, ogwira ntchito ena obowolera amangokoka gawo la chitsime chomwe changobowoledwa kumene, zomwe sizikhudza kwambiri kuswa mabedi odulidwa.

3. Sinthani Kukhuthala kwa Matope ndi Ubwino wa Keke ya Matope

Wonjezerani Kukoma kwa Matope

Njira zenizeni zowonjezerera mafuta odzola m'matope ndi monga, choyamba, kuwonjezera mlingo wa mafuta odzola, ndipo chachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osiyanasiyana odzola.

Pobowola mbali imodzi, mafuta osakonzedwa nthawi zambiri amasakanizidwa mu matope panthawi yobowola mbali imodzi. Ngakhale kuti mafuta osakonzedwa amakhala ndi mafuta abwino, kuwonjezerapo kwake kumawononga ubwino wa makeke a matope. Chifukwa chake, pobowola mbali imodzi, mafuta osakonzedwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mafuta odzola ochokera m'madzi. Izi sizimangothetsa vuto la mafuta osakonzedwa komanso zimapewa makeke okhuthala a matope omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakonzedwa.

Kusefukira kwa mafuta kumawonjezeka malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakaniza. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, mafuta osakanizidwa okwana matani 3-5 akhoza kusakanizidwa mu matope, ndipo mafuta osakanizidwa sangapitirire 9-10%.

Sinthani Ubwino wa Keke ya Matope

Kuti keke ya matope ikhale yabwino, zinthu monga phula lopangidwa ndi sulfonated ndi phenolic resin zitha kuwonjezeredwa. Keke ya matope yabwino kwambiri imachepetsa chiopsezo chomata chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kulemera pa chidutswa.

Kuwonjezera pa mafuta odzola amadzimadzi, mafuta olimba ndi mafuta odzola opanikizika kwambiri nawonso amathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera kotayika pa chidutswa. Pamene kulemera kotayika pa chidutswa kumachitika pobowola molunjika m'mapangidwe olimba, kuwonjezera 200–300 kg ya graphite yotambasulidwa nthawi imodzi kumakhudza bwino kuthetsa kulemera kotayika pa chidutswa chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa.

Lumikizanani: May Ye

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