Momwe mungasamalire makola obowola osagwiritsa ntchito maginito mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito

Kwamakola obowola osagwiritsa ntchito maginito(NMDCs) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mbali, kukonza pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino, kukulitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso kupewa kusokonezeka kwa maginito kapena kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito, komwe kungasokoneze kulondola kwa muyeso wa pansi. Nazi njira zosamalira mwatsatanetsatane ndi zodzitetezera:

1. Kuyeretsa Pambuyo Pogwiritsidwa Ntchito

• Kuchotsa Matope ndi Zotsalira:
  • Tsukani nthawi yomweyo malo amkati ndi akunja a kolala yobowolera ndi madzi amphamvu kapena zida zapadera zoyeretsera kuti muchotse bwino madzi obowolera, zidutswa, mafuta, ndi zotsalira zina, kuti mupewe dzimbiri kapena mamba.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito sopo wosalowerera (pewani zosungunulira za acidic kapena za alkaline kwambiri) kuti mupewe dzimbiri pamwamba.
• Kuumitsa:
  • Mukamaliza kutsuka, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu zouma kapena zopukutidwa kuti ziume bwino, makamaka m'malo olumikizirana ndi ulusi, kuti dzimbiri lisasunge chinyezi.

2. Kuyang'anira Konse

• Kuyang'ana Kowoneka:
  • Yang'anani ngati pali mikwingwirima, mabowo, ming'alu, kapena zolakwika pamwamba pa kolala, poyang'ana kwambiri zolumikizirana za ulusi ndi malo okhudzidwa ndi kupsinjika (monga malo osinthira).
  • Gwiritsani ntchito zida zokulitsa kapena njira zosagwiritsa ntchito maginito (monga kuyesa utoto wolowa mkati) kuti mupeze ming'alu yaying'ono.
• Kuyang'anira Ulusi:
  • Yang'anani ulusi wamkati ndi wakunja kuti muwone ngati ukutha, wasinthika, kapena wayamba kuzizira. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyezera ulusi kuti mutsimikizire kulondola ngati pakufunika kutero.
  • Tsukani ulusi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oletsa dzimbiri omwe si achitsulo.
• Kuyesa kwa Magnetic Permeability:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito gaussmeter (Tesla meter) kuti muyese mphamvu ya mphamvu ya maginito kudutsa kolala, kuonetsetsa kuti kulowererapo kwa mpweya kumakwaniritsa miyezo (nthawi zambiri ≤1.05 μ).
  • Ngati maginito a m'deralo apezeka (chifukwa cha kupsinjika kapena kuipitsidwa ndi zitsulo), chitani demagnetization (monga annealing kapena specialized degaussing).

3. Kuchotsa Magnetization (Ngati Pakufunika)

• Kuphimba:
  • Tenthetsani mu uvuni wolamulidwa ndi mlengalenga mpaka kutentha kwa chinthucho (monga 600–800°C pa Monel alloys) kuti muchotse kupsinjika kotsalira ndi mphamvu ya maginito.
  • Tsatirani mosamala magawo a wopanga kuti mupewe kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse dzimbiri pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina.
• Kuchotsa Magazi M'malo Omwe Ali M'deralo:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito zida zamagetsi zochotsera mphamvu zamagetsi kuti mulowe m'malo okhala ndi maginito ndikubwezeretsa zinthu zopanda maginito.

4. Kupewa Kudzimbiritsa ndi Mafuta Opaka

• Chophimba Choletsa Kudzikundikira:
  • Konzani kuwonongeka pang'ono pamwamba ndi utoto wothira kapena zokutira za epoxy kuti dzimbiri lisafalikire.
• Chitetezo cha Ulusi:
  • Pakani mafuta osakhala achitsulo (monga mafuta ochokera ku molybdenum disulfide) pa ulusi kuti mupewe kuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri.
  • Ikani zotetezera ulusi (monga zipewa za pulasitiki) mukasunga kapena kunyamula.

5. Kusamalira Kusungirako

• Zofunikira pa Zachilengedwe:
  • Sungani pamalo ouma, opumira mpweya mkati, chinyezi chosakwana 60% komanso kutentha kokhazikika.
  • Pewani magwero amphamvu a maginito (monga ma mota, ma transformer).
• Kuyika malo:
  • Ikani mopingasa pa malo oimikapo zinthu kuti musapindike; musaike zinthu molunjika kapena kuziyika molunjika.
  • Yang'anani momwe zinthu zimasungidwira kotala lililonse kuti muwone ngati pali dzimbiri kapena kusintha kwa zinthu.

6. Chitetezo cha Mayendedwe

• Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zapadera zokhala ndi mapepala a rabara kapena matabwa kuti mupewe kugundana panthawi yoyenda.
• Kuteteza Maginito:
  • Makolala oteteza okhala ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi maginito ngati akunyamula pafupi ndi magwero a maginito.

7. Kuyesa Kwaukadaulo Kwa Nthawi Ndi Nthawi

• Kuyesa Kwachizolowezi:
  • Chitani mayeso a labu a anthu ena kawiri pachaka, kuphatikizapo:
    • Kuyesa kulola kulowerera (malinga ndi ASTM A342).
    • Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound (UT) kapena X-ray (RT) kuti mudziwe zolakwika zamkati.
    • Kusanthula kapangidwe ka zinthu (monga, spectrometry) kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kosakhala kwa maginito.
• Zolemba:
  • Sungani zolemba za zotsatira za mayeso ndi zochita zosamalira kuti zitsatire moyo wonse.

8. Maphunziro a Ogwira Ntchito

• Kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse pa:
  • Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsuloNMDCs.
  • Kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito/kusunga pafupi ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yamaginito.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito ma torque wrench kuti mulimbikitse ulusi motsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa.

Malangizo Ofunika Opewera

• Pewani kuwotchereraMa NMDC nthawi zambiri satha kuwongoleredwa; kukonza kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi opanga ovomerezeka.
• Kugwirizana kwa ZinthuOnetsetsani kuti zotsukira, mafuta odzola, ndi zina zotero, zikugwirizana ndi zinthu za kolala (monga Monel alloys zimakhudzidwa ndi ammonia; pewani zinthu zomwe zili ndi ammonia).

Kusamalira mwadongosolo kumachepetsaNMDCZiwerengero za kulephera, kuonetsetsa kuti kubowola kolunjika bwino komanso chitetezo cha ntchito. Bwezerani kapena bwezerani makola owonongeka kwambiri kapena okhala ndi maginito kwa wopanga mwachangu.

PS:

LANDRILLChitini chimapereka mitundu yonse ya makola obowola osalala komanso ozungulira ku NMDC okhala ndi P530, P550, P650 ndi zinthu zina zofanana. Lumikizanani nafe kuti mudziwe zambiri.