Ukadaulo wa Usodzi wa Dzimbiri

Ukadaulo wowongolera mbiri ya chitsime chojambulira umatanthauza ukadaulo wowongolera kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa wosanjikiza wokwera wa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamakina kapena mankhwala, kuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa wosanjikiza wochepera wa madzi moyenerera, kupangitsa kuti jakisoni wa madzi apite patsogolo mofanana ndikukweza kuchuluka kwa mafuta.

Pali njira zamakina ndi njira zamakemikolo zowongolera mbiri ya Zitsime za jakisoni. Njira yowongolera mbiri yamakina makamaka ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wa madzi a gawo lililonse kudzera mu jakisoni wamadzi ogawanika, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chosintha mbiri yoyamwa.

Pakupanga Zitsime za Mafuta ndi Gasi, mapaipi apansi panthaka amawonongeka ndi zinthu zowononga monga hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide ndi kupanga madzi a munda wa gasi kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makoma a mapaipi achepe, kubowoka komanso kusweka.

1. 1.KudzimbiritsaMakhalidwe a Chitsime cha Machubu

(1) Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yopangira zinthu ndi kochepa, zambiri mwa izo zili pakati pa 0.5 ndi 0.7, ndipo zina ndizochepa, kotero n'zosatheka kukhazikitsa kayendedwe ka madzi, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto akulu pakugaya, kugaya ndi kuboola.

(2) Kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri la mapaipi ndi kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri mpaka 30% mpaka 60% (gawo lalikulu), ndipo khoma la mapaipi limakutidwa ndi dzimbiri mkati ndi kunja.

(3) Mphamvu ya mzati wa chitoliro ndi yotsika, kuthamanga kwake kumakhala kosavuta "kuchepa", ndipo pamwamba pa nsomba nthawi zambiri pamasintha, kotero kusindikiza kwa lead sikothandiza;

(4) N'zovuta kupanga zingwe mkati ndi kunja.

2. Mfundo Yosodza ya Machubu Odzimbirira

Kuwonjezera pa mfundo zachikhalidwe zosodza, usodzi wa machubu opangidwa ndi dzimbiri uyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:

（1）Mikhalidwe ya pansi pa nthaka ndi yomveka bwino, zida zosodzera nsomba zimasankhidwa molondola, ndipo umphumphu wa pamwamba pa nsomba ndi nsomba za pansi pa nthaka zimasungidwa momwe zingathere;

(2) Chitetezo cha zitsime chiyenera kutsimikizika panthawi yosodza.

(3) Ntchito zosodza sizingavutitse zinthu zapansi pa nthaka, njira zilizonse ziyenera kukhala ndi njira yotulukira, sizingathe kusodza mosasamala;

(4) Sizingakhudze mphamvu yoyambirira yopangira;

(5) Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta pogaya, koma sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta pogaya nsapato, kuti tipewe zovuta kwambiri;

(6) Pewani kuwonongeka kwa chivundikirocho.

3. Njira Zosodza ndi Dzimbiri pa Machubu

(1) Kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi kumabweretsanso kuwonongeka kwa chivundikiro, kotero ndikofunikira kuzindikira ndikuwunika ubwino wa chivundikiro cha chitsime, ndikuyesera kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi ndi chivundikirocho.

(2) Musafulumire, konzani ndikukonzekera mwatsatanetsatane. Machubu otayirira ndi osiyana ndi kusodza m'machubu wamba komanso m'mapaipi obowola. Machubu sangapulumutsidwe mofanana ndi kusodza m'mapaipi obowola. Ngati kusodza mokakamiza kwambiri kwagwiritsidwa ntchito, machubu angagwidwe kunja kwa chidebe. Chifukwa chake, kusankha zida zikapanda kukonzedwa, kungayambitse zovuta zambiri pansi pa nthaka, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakupulumutsa pambuyo pake. Kusankha zida zoyambirira ndibwino kusaganizira zida zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zobowola, zopera ndi zopera, chifukwa ndizonyansa ndipo zitha kuwononga nsomba ndi chidebecho, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri.

(3) Zipangizo ziyenera kukhala zodalirika komanso zolondola. Dongosolo la mabuleki a makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi lodalirika komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphete yokweza ndi elevator kumamangidwa bwino, ndipo mtundu wa dzenje la chingwe umawunikidwa. Crane, turntable ndi chitsime ziyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino. Chitoliro cha Kelly chiyenera kuwongoledwa, mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito sichingagwedezeke m'mphepete mwa pansi pa bowo; Chizindikiro cha kulemera ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, chodalirika komanso cholondola. Zipangizo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndikulembedwa (makamaka ndi zithunzi) popanda mavuto aubwino. Yesani mosamala, werengani "three square into" (fish top square into, salvage side into, maximum salvage side into), ndikulemba chizindikiro.

(4) Dziwani momwe payipi ya mafuta ilili mkati ndi m'mbali mwake. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yosodza iyenera kuyambira kunja kwa payipi yamafuta, yang'anani payipi yamafuta yakunja, ndipo nthawi zambiri musagwiritse ntchito payipi yamkati yosodza (ya payipi yamafuta yovunda). Kusankha zida kungakonzedwe kuti zikhale zotsalira ndi silinda yosodza yotsetsereka, silinda yosodza yosunthika pawindo, silinda yosodza yotsetsereka pawindo ndi zida zina zomwe siziwononga nsomba, kupanikizika pang'ono komanso kutembenuka pang'onopang'ono posodza, kulemera pang'ono sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri.

(5) Kuwonjezera pa zifukwa zachitetezo, makamaka ndi kusanthula kwaukadaulo, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimatsika ndi kutuluka ziyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala, kuyikidwa pamzere, kuphatikizidwa ndikukonzedwanso, kuti tiwunikenso momwe zinthu zingayendere mu mgodi.

(6) Ngati mphamvu yobowola mutu wa nsomba ikufunika kukhala yotsika (mkati mwa 1t), malo oikirapo sayenera kukhala akulu kwambiri (osakwana 10cm), kenako chitsulo chiyenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake ndipo mawonekedwe a mutu wa nsomba ayenera kufufuzidwa.

4. Zida Zosodza ndi Dzimbiri

1、Makolala a Die

Mtundu waukulu wa ulusi wosodza wa makoni a akazi ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa 1:8, womwe ndi wochepera kawiri kuposa ulusi wosodza wa makoni a akazi wamba, ndipo kutalika kwa ulusi wosodza kumawonjezeka moyenera, ndipo mtundu wa usodzi ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa usodzi wa makoni a akazi wamba. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa ulusi wosodza wa makoni a akazi a MZ60×125 pa chivundikiro cha 177.8mm ndi 520mm, wocheperako ndi 1:8, m'mimba mwake ndi 125mm, ndipo mtundu wa usodzi ndi 60~125mm; Pambuyo pa kusweka kwa dzimbiri kwa machubu a 73mm, kusweka kwa machubu kumakanikizidwa ndikusinthidwa, ndipo m'mimba mwake wautali nthawi zambiri ndi 90~105mm, ndipo nthawi zambiri sikoposa 115mm. Mukamasodza, tembenuzani pansi, lowetsani nsapato mu nsomba yogwa, nsomba yogwayo mu machubu ambiri a akazi, kenako pitirizani kuzungulira pansi kuti mumalize pamwamba pa nsomba ndi kusunga.

Mitundu yambiri ya Die Collars imagwiritsidwa ntchito posodza mapaipi okhala ndi dzimbiri omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu pamwamba pa nsomba koma ndi mphamvu zinazake, ndipo imathanso kupulumutsa zidutswa zosweka ndi zinyalala za mapaipi kuti ayeretse pamwamba pa nsomba, komanso imatha kupulumutsa mapaipi onse, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso amateteza bwino pamwamba pa nsomba.

2. Kusodza ndi Mipeni ya Block

Block Spears imapangidwa ndi thupi la mbiya, chotsetsereka ndi nsapato yotsogolera. Mapeto a silinda ndi ulusi wamkati, womwe ungalumikizidwe ndi silinda yayitali. Mphepete mwa silinda ndi khonde lozungulira lomwe lili ndi "gawo laling'ono lapamwamba" ndipo machuti atatu amatsegulidwa molingana pakati. Chotsetsereka chimayikidwa mu chute, nkhope yomaliza ya chotsetsereka imakonzedwa ndi mano a radial, ndipo nkhope yamkati imakhala ndi mzere wa mano opingasa mkati. Panthawi yosodza, nsapato imalowetsedwa mu nsomba ndipo silinda yosodza imatsitsidwa, pamwamba pa nsomba imakankhidwira mmwamba motsatira chute, pamwamba pa nsomba imadutsa mu chotsetsereka, silinda yosodza imakwezedwa, ndipo chotsetsereka chimayenda motsatira chute kuti chigwire nsomba ndikukwaniritsa kusodza.

Gawo la usodzi la Block ikhoza kukhala thupi la chitoliro cha mafuta kapena chitoliro cha mafuta. Posodza, cholumikizira choyamba pansi pa pamwamba pa nsomba chingadutse mu chotsetsereka kuti chigwire ntchito yosodza pokweza cholumikiziracho; Zingathandizenso kuti chotsetsereka chipewe kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri kwa chitoliro cha mafuta ndikugwira gawo lonselo.

Block Spears sikuti imangozindikira kusodza kwa mapaipi okha, komanso imatha kuzindikiranso buckle yakumbuyo pamene mapaipi atsekedwa. Mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo imafalikira kudzera m'mano ozungulira pamwamba pa chotsetsereka kapena kudzera m'mano amkati a chotsetsereka, chotsetsereka ndi chute. Chotsetsereka cha block dredge ndi choyenera kusodza mapaipi pomwe kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri sikoopsa kwambiri, ndipo kupambana kwake pa usodzi ndi kwakukulu.

3.Kuwonjezera ndi Slot

Chopingasa chokhala ndi malo olowera chimapangidwa ndi mbiya yopukusira zidutswa ya 8 mpaka 10m kapena chivundikiro, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1-1. Mapeto a ng'oma yosodza amapangidwa kukhala nsapato yotsogolera ya mtundu wa cholembera ndi thumba la duck-bill, ndipo thupi la silinda limatsegulidwa molingana ndi mizere imodzi kapena iwiri, yokhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, yosavuta kutsegula kuti ithandize kulowetsa nsomba zogwa, komanso yosavuta kubwezeretsa malo oyamba a nsomba zogwa. Chingwecho chimapangidwa ndi zenera lotseguka mu silinda, yamakona atatu kapena ya trapezoidal, yozunguliridwa, yokhala ndi mphamvu komanso kusinthasintha kwina.

Chithunzi Chowonjezera cha Fig1 Chokhala ndi Chithunzi cha Slot

Nsomba ikakumana ndi nsomba yogwa, mlomo wa bakha kapena nsapato yotsogolera ya cholembera imatseguka mwachibadwa ndikutsika pafupi ndi khoma la chivundikiro. Nsomba yogwayo imalowa m'gawo losodza la mbiya yosodza kudzera mu nsapato yotsogolera, kufinya kulimba kwa mbedza yosodza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kutsegula gawo losweka, kupitiriza kutsitsa chingwe cha chitoliro pansi pa kukakamizidwa, ndipo nsomba yogwayo imalowanso m'gawo lapamwamba la mbiya yosodza, kukweza chingwe chosodza, ndipo mbedza yosodza imamatira ku dzenje kapena kulowa m'dzenje lozimiririka. Kapena kuthandizira pa sitepe ya kolala ndi cholumikizira kuti mupeze kusodza pogwiritsa ntchito machubu oteteza dzimbiri.

Chophimba pamwamba chomwe chili ndi malo otseguka chingapulumutse chitoliro cha mafuta chosweka ndi chitoliro cha mafuta chozungulira mbali, komanso chingapulumutse chitoliro cha mafuta chosweka, zinyalala ndi zinyalala zina, kuyeretsa pamwamba pa nsomba, ndikupanga malo osungiramo zinthu zina.

4. Chida Chopangira Misodzi ndi Usodzi Chophatikizana

Chida chophatikizanachi chingathe kumaliza ntchito yophatikizana yopera ndi kusodza. Nsapato zopera zimaphatikizidwa ndi ng'oma yopera mawindo, ng'oma yopera waya wachitsulo, ng'oma yopera yotsetsereka, ng'oma yachikazi ndi zida zina zosodza, zomwe zimatha kumaliza ntchito yopera, kukonza nsomba ndi kusodza pamodzi. Pofuna kuteteza pamwamba pa nsomba momwe zingathere, nsapato zopera zimagwiritsa ntchito nsapato zazikulu zopera zamkati.

Chophimba chachikulu cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri pakuwononga chivundikiro cha machubu. Chimapangidwa ndi mphero yayikulu yamkati yokhala ndi mainchesi awiri ndi chophimba chachikulu cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nsapato zazikulu zamkati zokhala ndi mainchesi awiri zimakhala ndi mainchesi awiri mkati, zosavuta kulowetsa pamwamba pa nsomba, ndipo kukula kwa nsomba yophwanyidwa ndi kochepa; Ulusi waukulu wa nsomba ya makoni aakazi umachepa, ulusi waukulu wa nsomba ndi waukulu, kenako pang'onopang'ono pang'ono, pamwamba pa nsombayo mu chophimba chachikazi atangokhudza gawo la nsomba. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yambiri ya makoni aakazi ophwanyidwa imatha kuteteza pamwamba pa nsomba kwambiri, komanso imatha kumaliza ntchito yosodza.