Zida Zobowolera Zodziwika Bwino

Mavuto atatu omwe ayenera kuthetsedwa poyendetsa njira zoyendera bwino:

① Pangani bwino malo osonkhanitsira dzenje pansi (BHA) kuti muwongolere kusintha kwa ngodya ya dzenje.

② Pangani kapena sankhani bwino zida zolowera pansi zokhala ndi mapangidwe apadera kuti muwongolere kusintha kwa ngodya ya azimuth ya dzenje.

③ Sankhani moyenera ndikulamulira kulemera kwa bit (WOB) kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa kulowa kwa bit ndi kukula kwa mphamvu zopangidwira, potero mukwaniritse kulamulira kokhota kwa wellbore.

Zida zobowolera zolunjika zachizolowezi zimaphatikizapo ma subs olunjika, makola obowolera osagwiritsa ntchito maginito (NMDC), mapaipi obowolera olemera kwambiri (HWDP), zokhazikika, mawotchi opukutira mipando, ndi zina zotero.

I. Chigawo Chotsogolera

1. Mitundu

Chobowola cholunjika: Chogwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola molunjika pogwiritsa ntchito ma bent-housing progressive cavity drills (PCD).

Chobowola chopindika molunjika: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola molunjika pogwiritsa ntchito ma drill owongolera olunjika (PCD).

2. Kapangidwe Koyambira

1) Chigawo Cholunjika Cholunjika

Zigawo: Nyumba 4, chivundikiro chapakati 1, kiyi yolozera 3, screw 2 yokhazikika

2) Directional Bent Sub

Zigawo: Nyumba 4, sleeve yozungulira 1, kiyi yolunjika 3, screw yokhazikika 2. Poyerekeza ndi gawo lolunjika lolunjika, lili ndi ngodya yokhota yomangidwa λ, ndipo fomula yowerengera ndi:λ = 57.3 × (a – b) / d

II. Kola Yobowolera Yopanda Maginito (NMDC)

1. Ntchito

Chitani zida zoyezera maginito kuti mupewe zolakwika zoyezera.

Chitani ntchito za makola wamba obowolera.

2. Zipangizo za Makolala Osagwiritsa Ntchito Maginito Obowolera

Makamaka akuphatikizapo Monel alloy (yokhala ndi mkuwa, nickel, chromium, ndi zina zotero), chromium-nickel alloy, austenitic alloy yochokera ku chromium-manganese, beryllium-copper alloy, SMFI non-magnetic steel, ndi chitsulo cha manganese-chromium-nickel cha m'nyumba.

3. Kusankha Utali wa Kola Yobowola Yopanda Maginito

Onani "Mapu a Mphamvu ya Magnetic Field ya Dziko Lopingasa". Kusankha koyenera kutalika kwa kolala yobowola yopanda maginito kumathandiza kuyeza molondola azimuth ya maginito m'gawo lotseguka la dzenje. Mphamvu ya maginito ya derali ikakwera, kolala yobowola yopanda maginito imakhala yayitali.

4. Kuyang'anira ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makolala Osagwiritsa Ntchito Maginito Obowolera

1) Kuwongoka kwa pamwamba pa silinda yakunja ya kolala yobowola yopanda maginito kuyenera kukhala ≤ 2mm/m, ndipo kuwongoka kwa kutalika konse kuyenera kukhala ≤ 5mm/m.

2)Mikwingwirima pamwamba pa chitoliro cha kolala yobowola yopanda maginito siyenera kupitirira malire ololedwa okanda.

3)Ulusiwo ukhale wosalala, wopanda mabala osalingana, ming'alu, kusweka, kapena kuwonongeka kwina kulikonse.

4）Mphamvu yopangira ya ulusi wa kolala yopanda maginito iyenera kukhala ≥ mphamvu yocheperako yozungulira yomwe yatchulidwa.

5)Kuchuluka kwa maginito ndi kufanana kwa maginito kwa kolala yobowola yopanda maginito kuyenera kuwonedwa kamodzi pachaka, ndipo zotsatira za kuwunika ziyenera kutsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Non-Magnetic Drill Collar Standard (SY5145-86).

III. Chitoliro Chobowolera Cholemera (HWDP)

Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa BHA m'malo mwa makola obowola kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito molunjika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowongolera, imachepetsa malo olumikizirana ndi khoma lobowola, imachepetsa kukana kukangana, imathandizira ntchito zotsetsereka, imawonjezera chitetezo cha pansi, komanso imathandizira kuwongolera magawo a chitsime cholunjika. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati gawo losinthira pakati pa makola obowola ndi mapaipi obowola kuti achepetse kusintha kwa kuuma.

IV. Chokhazikika

1.Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Stabilizers mu Directional Drilling

Mu ma BHA omangika ndi ma BHA otsitsa, zokhazikika zimakhala ngati zomangira. Mwa kusintha malo a zokhazikika mu BHA yapansi, mkhalidwe wa kupsinjika kwa BHA yapansi ukhoza kusinthidwa kuti pakhale kuwongolera kwa trajectory.

2.Wonjezerani kulimba kwa BHA yapansi kuti mukhazikitse kupotoka kwa dzenje ndi azimuth. Mu ma BHA okhala ndi ngodya yokhazikika, kulimba kwa BHA yapansi kumawonjezeka mwa kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa bit ndi stabilizer, komanso pakati pa stabilizers, kuti muchepetse kupotoka kwa BHA yapansi ndikukwaniritsa zotsatira za kusunga kupotoka.

3.Valani chivundikiro cha chitsime kuti chikhale chopindika bwino komanso chosalala, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha kutsegula chitsime.

Dziwani! Mukalowetsa chokhazikika m'chitsime ndikuchitulutsa m'chitsime, yesani mosamala kukula kwakunja kwa chokhazikikacho, yang'anani momwe chikugwirira ntchito komanso malo oyika mu BHA. Kukula kwakunja kwa chokhazikikacho sikuyenera kupitirira 2mm.

Mitundu ya zokhazikika:

Chokhazikika chozungulira cha nthiti yowongoka Chokhazikika chozungulira cha lobe zisanu (lobe zitatu)

Chokhazikika chozungulira cha lobe zisanu (lobe zitatu)r chokhazikika chosinthika

Chokhazikika cha lobe zitatuChokhazikika chosinthika

V. Chotsukira Mpando Wachifungulo

Kapangidwe kake ka chotsukira mipando ya kiyi ndi kofanana ndi ka chotsukira mipando ya spiral. Kukula kwake konse ndi kochepa kuposa ka chotsukira mipando ya drill koma kwakukulu kuposa kolala yobowolera. Mosiyana ndi chotsukira mipando ya spiral, mapewa onse apamwamba ndi apansi a chotsukira mipando ya kiyi amalumikizidwa ndi ma electrode olimba a alloy kukhala mawonekedwe a conical, omwe ali ndi ntchito yodula, kubwerezabwereza, ndi kupukuta mipando ya kiyi.

Malo a chotsukira makiyi mu chingwe chobowolera ndi awa:

1. BHA Yopangidwira Kupukuta Mipando Yaikulu

Kapangidwe ka BHA kopukutira mipando yonse ya makiyi: Kolala yobowola ya Bit + yaying'ono (50)～60m) + chopukutira mipando ya makiyi + chidebe chobowolera + chitoliro chobowolera cholemera (HWDP).

Popukuta mipando yayitali ya makiyi, BHA yotsatirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito: Bit + stand imodzi ya kolala yaying'ono yobowola + chopukutira mipando ya makiyi + stand imodzi ya kolala yaying'ono yobowola + cholumikizira chosinthasintha + botolo lobowola + chitoliro chobowola cholemera (HWDP).

M'mimba mwake wakunja kwa kolala yaying'ono yobowolera mu chingwe chobowolera uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa cholumikizira cha chitoliro chobowolera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowolera. Mukayendetsa chingwe chobowolera kufika pafupifupi mamita 100 pamwamba pa mpando wa kiyi, lamulirani liwiro lothamanga; pamene kukana kukuonekerani, yambani kubwerezabwereza ndikuwongolera WOB (nthawi zambiri zosakwana 49kN).

2. Kupukuta Makiyi a Mpando Pamene Mukuboola

Pobowola mbali imodzi, kuyambira pa gawo lomangika, ma wiper a mipando ya makiyi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu BHA yolowera pansi. Malinga ndi kupindika kwa malo obowola chitsime ndi mapangidwe ake, wiper ya mipando ya makiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwerezabwereza m'magawo a "mwendo wa galu" komwe mipando ya makiyi ingapangidwe, kuti apewe kupangika kwa mipando ya makiyi.

VI. Valavu Yoyandama

Ntchito zake zazikulu ndikuletsa kuti madzi obowola asabwerere m'mbuyo (zomwe zingawononge zida zoyezera pansi) komanso kupewa kuti ma nozzles a bit asatsekeke.

VII. Hanger Sub

Chida Choyezera Pamene Mukuboola (MWD) chili mkati mwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti MWD ikhale yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika.

Pali mzere wapamwamba kwambiri pakhoma lakunja la hanger sub, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kulinganiza mbali yapamwamba ya progressive cavity drill (PCD) ndikuyesa mtengo wotsutsana pakati pa MWD ndi PCD. Khoma lamkati la sub lili ndi kiyi yotuluka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene MWD yakhazikitsidwa. Pamene MWD sikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa poyamba pochotsa hanger sub kuti kiyi isatsukidwe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi (zomwe zingayambitse ngozi za pansi).

VIII. Mtsuko

Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusunga bwino ntchito ya chingwe cha bit ndi mbola, komanso kuthandiza kumasula chitoliro chomamatira pamene chitoliro chikumatira.

IX. Cholumikizira Chosinthasintha

Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuteteza botolo ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa chingwe chobowolera panthawi yobowola.