Kugawika kwa mafuta ndi gasi bwino kumawonjezera njira zopangira

Tekinoloje yamafuta ndi gasi imakulitsa bwino ukadaulo wa productio ndi njira yaukadaulo yopititsira patsogolo kuchuluka kwa zitsime zamafuta (kuphatikiza zitsime za gasi) komanso mayamwidwe amadzi a zitsime za jakisoni wamadzi. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo chithandizo cha hydraulic fracturing ndi acidification, kuwonjezera pa kuphulika kwapansi, mankhwala osungunulira, ndi zina zotero.

1) Njira ya Hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing imaphatikizapo jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri wa viscosity fracturing fluid mu chitsime pa voliyumu yayikulu yomwe imaposa mphamvu ya mayamwidwe a mapangidwe, potero kumawonjezera kupanikizika kwa dzenje pansi ndikuphwanya mapangidwe. Ndi jekeseni mosalekeza wa fracturing madzimadzi, fractures amapita mozama mu mapangidwe. Kuchuluka kwa proppant (makamaka mchenga) kumayenera kuphatikizidwa mumadzi ophwanyidwa kuti asatseke kuti fracture isatseke pompu itayimitsidwa. Ma fractures odzazidwa ndi proppant amasintha mawonekedwe a seepage a mafuta ndi gasi pamapangidwe, amawonjezera malo otsetsereka, amachepetsa kukana kwamadzi, komanso kuwirikiza kawiri kupanga chitsime chamafuta. "Gasi wa shale", womwe uli wotchuka kwambiri pamakampani amafuta padziko lonse lapansi posachedwa, umapindula ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wa hydraulic fracturing!

2) Mafuta bwino acidification mankhwala

Chithandizo cha acidification bwino chamafuta chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: hydrochloric acid chithandizo cha mapangidwe a miyala ya carbonate ndi chithandizo cha asidi a nthaka pakupanga miyala yamchenga. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa acidification.

► Hydrochloric acid mankhwala a carbonate rock mapangidwe: carbonate miyala monga miyala yamchere ndi dolomite amachita ndi hydrochloric acid kupanga kashiamu kolorayidi kapena magnesium kolorayidi kuti mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, amene kumawonjezera permeability wa mapangidwe ndi bwino bwino kupanga mphamvu zitsime mafuta. . Pansi pa kutentha kwa mapangidwe, hydrochloric acid imachita mofulumira kwambiri ndi miyala, ndipo zambiri zimadyedwa pafupi ndi pansi pa chitsime ndipo sizingathe kulowa mkati mwa mafuta osanjikiza, zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za acidification.

►Dongo la asidi popanga mapangidwe a mchenga: Zida zazikulu zamchere zamchenga ndi quartz ndi feldspar. Simenti nthawi zambiri imakhala silicates (monga dongo) ndi carbonates, zonse zomwe zimasungunuka mu hydrofluoric acid. Komabe, pambuyo pa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa hydrofluoric acid ndi carbonates, mpweya wa calcium fluoride udzachitika, womwe sungakhale wothandiza kupanga zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi. Nthawi zambiri, mchenga wa mchenga umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 8-12% hydrochloric acid kuphatikiza 2-4% hydrofluoric acid wothira nthaka acid kupewa mpweya wa calcium fluoride. Kuchuluka kwa hydrofluoric acid mu acidic acid sikuyenera kukhala kokwezeka kwambiri kuti kupewe kuwononga kapangidwe ka mchenga ndikuyambitsa ngozi zopanga mchenga. Pofuna kupewa chokhwima zimachitikira pakati kashiamu ndi magnesium ayoni mu mapangidwe ndi asidi hydrofluoric ndi zifukwa zina, mapangidwe ayenera pretreated ndi hydrochloric acid pamaso jekeseni nthaka asidi. Mlingo wa pretreatment uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa mtundu wa asidi wa nthaka. Ukadaulo wa authigenic acid acid wapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Methyl formate ndi ammonium fluoride amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita kupanga kupanga hydrofluoric acid, yomwe imachita mkati mwa mafuta otenthetsera kwambiri m'zitsime zakuya kuti ipititse patsogolo chithandizo cha asidi. Potero kukulitsa mphamvu yopangira zitsime zamafuta.