Zida khumi zapamwamba zomaliza bwino

Mitundu ya zida zapansi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza ndi zingwe zopangira mafuta akunyanja zikuphatikizapo: Packer, SSSV, Sliding Sleev, (Nipple), Side Pocket Mandrel, Seating Nipple, Flow Coupling, Blast joint, Test Valve, Drain Valve, Mandrel, Plug. , ndi zina.

1.Packers

Packer ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri pansi pa chingwe chopangira, ndipo ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:

Olekanitsa zigawo zopanga kuti mupewe kugwirizana ndi kusokoneza kwamadzimadzi ndi kuthamanga pakati pa zigawo;

Kupatukana kwa kupha madzimadzi ndi kupanga madzimadzi;

Kukwaniritsa zofunika zosiyanasiyana pakupanga mafuta (gasi) ndi magwiridwe antchito;

Sungani madzi a packer mu casing annulus kuti muteteze choyikapo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chimapangidwa bwino.

Mapaketi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza mafuta akunyanja (gasi) amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: yobwezeredwa komanso yokhazikika, ndipo malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira, imatha kugawidwa m'magawo a hydraulic, makina oyika ndi ma chingwe. Opaka amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yambiri, ndipo kusankha koyenera kuyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zosowa zenizeni zopanga. Mbali zofunika kwambiri za paketi ndi zotsalira ndi mphira, ndipo ena onyamula alibe zotengera (zopaka zitsime zotseguka). Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapaketi, ntchito yaikulu yomwe ndi chithandizo pakati pa zokopa ndi casing ndi kusindikiza pakati pa slips ndi casing kuti asindikize malo enaake.

2.Downhole chitetezo valve

Valavu yotetezera kutsika ndi chipangizo chowongolera kutuluka kwamadzi m'chitsime, monga moto papulatifomu yopanga mafuta akunyanja, kuphulika kwa mapaipi, kuphulika, kulephera kuwongolera chitsime chamafuta chifukwa cha chivomezi, etc., kotero kuti valavu yachitetezo cha downhole ikhoza kutsekedwa kuti izindikire kuyendetsa kwamadzimadzi m'chitsime.

1) Gulu la mavavu otetezedwa:

• Vavu yotetezedwa ndi waya wachitsulo
• Chitoliro chamafuta chonyamula chitetezo valavu
• Valavu yachitetezo cha casing annulus Vavu yotetezedwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chubu chonyamula chitetezo

2) Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito

Kukanikizidwa pansi, mafuta a hydraulic amatumizidwa ku dzenje lotumizira ku pistoni kudzera papaipi yowongolera ma hydraulic control, kukankhira pisitoni pansi ndikukanikizira kasupe, ndipo valavu yotsekera imatsegulidwa. Ngati kuthamanga kwa hydraulic control kusungidwa, valavu yachitetezo ili pamalo otseguka; kutulutsa Kuthamanga kwa mzere wowongolera ma hydraulic kumakankhidwira m'mwamba ndi kukanikizana kwa kasupe kuti asunthire pisitoni m'mwamba, ndipo mbale ya valve ili yotsekedwa.

3.Manja otsetsereka

1) Manja otsetsereka amatha kutseka kapena kulumikiza kulumikizana pakati pa chingwe chopangira ndi danga la annular kudzera mu mgwirizano pakati pa manja amkati ndi akunja. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kutulutsa mpweya pambuyo pomaliza bwino;
• Kufa kwa kuzungulira;
• Kukweza gasi
• Pampu ya jet yokhala pansi
• Mipikisano wosanjikiza zitsime angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga osiyana, kuyezetsa wosanjikiza, jekeseni wosanjikiza, etc.;
• Mipikisano wosanjikiza migodi wosanganiza;
• Thamanga pulagi mu chitsime kuti atseke chitsime kapena kuyesa kukakamiza kwa chubu;
• Kuzungulira mankhwala wothandizira anticorrosion, etc.

2) Mfundo yogwira ntchito

Nkhola yotsetsereka imatseka kapena kulumikiza njira yapakati pa chitoliro chamafuta ndi danga la annular posuntha mkono wamkati. Pamene njira yamkati yamkati ikuyang'ana njira ya manja otsetsereka, slideway imakhala yotseguka. Pamene awiriwo akugwedezeka, mkono wotsetsereka umatsekedwa. Pali silinda yogwira ntchito kumtunda kwa manja otsetsereka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza chipangizo chowongolera kutsika kwapansi chokhudzana ndi manja otsetsereka. Pali malo osindikizira kumapeto kwa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa manja amkati, omwe amatha kugwirizana ndi kusindikiza kusindikiza kwa chipangizo chapansi kuti asindikize. Lumikizani chida chosinthira manja chotsetsereka pansi pa chingwe choyambira, ndipo gwirani waya wachitsulo. Nkhola yotsetsereka imatha kuyatsidwa ndikuzimitsa. Ena amayenera kugwedezeka pansi kuti asunthire mkono pansi kuti atsegule manja otsetsereka, pamene ena amafunika kugwedezeka mmwamba kuti apangitse mkati.

4.Nipple

1) Gulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito Nipple yogwira ntchito

Gulu la Nipples:

(1) Malingana ndi njira yoyika: pali mitundu itatu: selictivity, Top NO-GO ndi Pansi NO-GO, monga momwe zikuwonetsera mu Zithunzi a, b, ndi c.

Ma mandrels ena amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wosankha komanso kuyimitsidwa pamwamba (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi b). Chomwe chimatchedwa chosankha chamtundu chimatanthawuza kuti m'mimba mwake mkati mwa mandrel alibe gawo lochepetsera m'mimba mwake, ndipo kukula komweko kwa chida chokhalamo kungathe kudutsamo, kotero mandrel angapo a kukula kwake akhoza kutsika mu chingwe chomwecho, ndipo kuyimitsidwa pamwamba kumatanthauza kuti m'mimba mwake wamkati wa mandrel wosindikizidwa ndi Pamwamba pa choyimitsa chokhala ndi sitepe yosuntha pa gawo lochepetseka limachita pamwamba, pamene gawo lochepetsetsa la choyimitsa pansi lili pansi, gawo losindikiza la pulagi silingadutse, ndipo choyimitsa pansi nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pansi pa chingwe cha chitoliro chomwecho. Monga chosungira zida komanso kuteteza zingwe za waya kuti zisagwe pansi pa chitsime.

(2) Malingana ndi kupanikizika kwa ntchito: pali kupanikizika kwachibadwa ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu, koyambirira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime wamba, ndipo chomalizacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime zamafuta ndi gasi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nipples:

• Khalani mu jammer.
• Khalani pansi mobisa kuti muwongolere valavu yachitetezo.
• Khalani mu cheki valve.

Thamangani mu chida chothandizira (chopukutira) kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwamutu.

• Gwirizanani ndi Nipple Wopukutidwa, ikani manja olekanitsa kapena olowa, konza chitoliro chamafuta chomwe chawonongeka kapena chitoliro chokhuthala pafupi ndi mafuta.
• Khalani ndi kupachika zida zoyezera pansi.
• Zingalepheretse chingwe cha zida kuti chisagwere pansi pa chitsime pakugwiritsa ntchito waya.

5. Mbali Pocket Mandrel

1) Mapangidwe ogwira ntchito

The Side Pocket Mandrel ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zotsika pansi kuti mumalize bwino. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi ma valve okweza gasi osiyanasiyana kuti azindikire njira zosiyanasiyana zonyamulira gasi, kuyendetsa ma nozzles amadzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikuzindikira jakisoni wosanjikiza. Mapangidwe ake akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi, ali ndi magawo awiri, chitoliro choyambira ndi silinda ya eccentric, kukula kwa chitoliro choyambira ndi chofanana ndi chitoliro chamafuta, kumtunda kuli ndi manja oyikapo, ndi silinda ya eccentric mutu wozindikiritsa chida, polowera kutsekera, silinda yosindikizira ndi dzenje lolumikizirana lakunja.

2) Mawonekedwe a Side Pocket Mandrel:

Positioning: Pangani zida zamitundu yonse zapansi kuti zikhale zokhazikika komanso zolunjika mumgolo wa eccentric.

Kuzindikirika: Zida zapansi za kukula koyenera zimayendetsedwa mozungulira mu mbiya ya eccentric, pomwe zida zina zazikuluzikulu zimadutsa mutoliro wapansi.

Kupanikizika kwakukulu kumaloledwa.

2) Ntchito ya Side Pocket Mandrel: kukweza gasi, jekeseni wothandizira mankhwala, jakisoni wamadzi, kupha kufalikira, etc.

6. Pulagi

Pamene palibe valavu yotetezera kutsika kapena valavu yotetezera ikulephera, waya wachitsulo amagwira ntchito, ndipo pulagi ya kukula kwake imatsitsidwa mu silinda yogwira ntchito kuti itseke chitsime. Kuyesa kukakamiza kwa machubu ndi kuyika kwa ma hydraulic packers mukamaliza chitsime kapena ntchito yopitilira muyeso.

7. Valavu yokweza gasi

Valavu yokweza mpweya imatsitsidwa mu silinda yogwira ntchito, yomwe imatha kuzindikira njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mpweya, monga kukweza gasi mosalekeza kapena kukweza kwapakatikati kwa gasi.

8.Flow couping

Kuthamanga kothamanga kwenikweni kumakhala chitoliro chokhuthala, chomwe mkati mwake chimakhala chofanana ndi chitoliro chamafuta, koma m'mimba mwake ndi chokulirapo pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa valavu yachitetezo. Pazitsime zamafuta ndi gasi zochulukirachulukira, zitsime zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri zimatha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito kapena ayi. Pamene mpweya wochuluka wamafuta umayenda kudzera mu valavu yotetezera, umayambitsa kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kuchepetsa m'mimba mwake, zomwe zimabweretsa kukokoloka kwa eddy komanso kuvala kumapeto kwake kumtunda ndi kumunsi.

9.Vavu ya Kukhetsa Mafuta

Valavu yothira mafuta nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamapaipi amafuta a 1-2 pamwamba pa valavu yoyendera. Ndilo doko lotulutsira madzi mu chitoliro chamafuta pamene ntchito yoyendera mpope yakwezedwa, kuti muchepetse katundu wa chogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa madzi amadzimadzi kuti asayipitse nsanja ndi chilengedwe. Pakali pano pali mitundu iwiri ya mavavu okhetsa mafuta: ngalande yoponyera ndodo ndi hydraulic drain yoponya mpira. Zakale zimakhala zoyenera kwambiri pazitsime zamafuta ochepa komanso mafuta olemera okhala ndi madzi odulidwa kwambiri; chotsiriziracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime zamafuta olemera ndi otsika madzi odulidwa ndipo ali ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu.

10.Pipe scraper

1) Cholinga: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa chipika cha simenti, sheath ya simenti, sera yolimba, makhiristo osiyanasiyana amchere kapena ma depositi, ma perforation burrs ndi iron oxide ndi dothi lina lotsalira pakhoma lamkati la casing, ndi mwayi wopita ku zida zosiyanasiyana zapansi. Makamaka pamene danga la annular pakati pa chida chotsitsa pansi ndi m'mimba mwake mkati mwa casing ndi laling'ono, sitepe yotsatira yomanga iyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo pa kukwapula kokwanira.

2) Kapangidwe: Zimapangidwa ndi thupi, mbale ya mpeni, chipika chokhazikika, chipika chokanikiza ndi mbali zina.

3) Mfundo yogwira ntchito: musanalowe m'chitsime, kukula kwake kwakukulu kwa chidutswa chachikulu cha scraper ndi chachikulu kuposa m'mimba mwake mkati mwa casing. Pambuyo polowa m'chitsime, tsambalo limakakamizika kukanikiza kasupe, ndipo kasupewo amapereka mphamvu ya chakudya cha radial. Mukakolora zinthu zolimba, pamafunika scrape zingapo kuti zisewere mkati mwa chotengeracho. Chopukutiracho chimalumikizidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chingwe cha chitoliro chapansi, ndipo kuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi kwa chingwe cha chitoliro ndi chakudya cha axial panthawi yolendewera.

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pamapangidwe a tsamba kuti tsamba lililonse lozungulira lili ndi mbali ziwiri zodulira mkati ndi kunja. Akupera mphamvu. Masamba opangidwa ndi mizere amagawidwa mofanana pamwamba pa scraper molingana ndi mzere wa kumanzere wa helical, womwe umapindulitsa kumatope obwerera kumtunda kuti atenge zinyalala zowonongeka.