Mapangidwe ndi masitepe ogwiritsira ntchito pomaliza chipangizo chamutu

Chitsime chimapangidwa ndi magawo atatu kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi: chida chamutu, chingwe chomaliza ndi kapangidwe kapansi.

Chipangizo chachitsime chimakhala ndi magawo atatu: mutu wa casing, mutu wa chubu ndi mtengo wopanga (gasi). Ntchito yayikulu ya chipangizo chachitsime ndikuyimitsa chingwe cha chubu ndi chingwe cha casing, kusindikiza malo a annular pakati pa chubu, casing ndi zigawo ziwiri za casing. Zida zofunika zowongolera kachulukidwe ka mafuta ndi gasi; reinjection (jekeseni nthunzi, jekeseni mpweya, jekeseni madzi, acidification, fracturing, jekeseni mankhwala, etc.) ndi kupanga otetezeka.

Chingwe chomaliza chimaphatikizapo machubu, ma casing ndi zida zapansi zophatikizidwa malinga ndi ntchito zina. Kuthamanga chingwe chomaliza kuti muyambe kupanga bwino kupanga bwino kapena jekeseni bwino ndilo gawo lomaliza la kumalizidwa bwino. Mitundu ya zitsime (zitsime zopangira mafuta, zitsime zopangira gasi, zitsime za jakisoni wamadzi, zitsime za jekeseni wa nthunzi, zitsime za jekeseni wa gasi) ndizosiyana, ndipo zingwe zomaliza ndizosiyana. Ngakhale onse ali zitsime zopangira mafuta, njira zopangira mafuta ndizosiyana ndipo zingwe zomaliza zimakhalanso zosiyana. Njira zamakono zopangira mafuta makamaka zimaphatikizira kupanga mafuta odzibaya okha komanso kukweza kochita kupanga (pampu ya ndodo, pampu ya piston ya hydraulic, pampu yamagetsi ya submersible, kukweza gasi) kupanga mafuta, ndi zina zambiri.

Pansi pa dzenje la pansi ndi kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe kwa zida ndi zingwe zolumikizidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chingwe chomaliza chomwe chimagwirizana ndi njira yomaliza.

3. Njira zazikulu zogwirira ntchito pomaliza bwino

1). Ikani zida zapamtunda malinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe

2). Kupanga chitoliro chobowolera kapena chubu chubu

3). Ikani blowout preventer/function/pressure test

4). Kupala ndi kutsuka machubu

5). Perforation calibration

6). Kuponya ndodo kuti uyatse

7). Kusamba msana/kusamba

8). Pala ndikutsukanso

9). Kutsitsa paketi

10). Mtsinje wowongolera mchenga

12). Mzere wotsika wopanga

13). Chotsani Wellhead Blowout Preventer

14). Kukhazikitsa mtengo wobwezeretsa chitsime

15). Kutsitsa

16). Kulandila ndi kutumiza bwino