Gulu ndi kusankha kwa blowout preventer

Zida zofunika kwambiri kuti mumvetsetse magwiridwe antchito a zida zowongolera bwino, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza bwino, ndikupanga zida zowongolera bwino kuti zizigwira ntchito yake ndikuletsa kuphulika. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zodzitetezera zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri: zotchingira ring blowout ndi ram blowout blocker.

1.Kuteteza mphete

(1) Pakakhala chingwe cha chitoliro m'chitsime, mphira ya rabara ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutseka malo a annular opangidwa ndi chingwe cha chitoliro ndi chitsime;

(2) Mutu wa chitsime ukhoza kusindikizidwa bwino pamene chitsime chilibe kanthu;

(3) Pobowola ndi mphero, kugaya, kudula mitengo ndi kupha nsomba pansi, ngati kusefukira kapena kuphulika, kungathe kusindikiza malo opangidwa ndi kelly pipe, chingwe, waya, zida zothandizira ngozi ndi chitsime;

(4) Ndi chowongolera chowongolera kapena kusungirako mphamvu yaying'ono, imatha kukakamiza kuphatikizika kwa chitoliro cha matako popanda zomangira zabwino pa 18 °;

(5) Pakasefukira kwambiri kapena kuphulika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atseke mofewa ndi nkhosa yamphongo BOP ndi ma throttle manifold.

2.Ram blowout preventer

(1) Pakakhala zida zoboola pachitsime, nkhosa yamphongo yotsekedwa ndi theka yolingana ndi kukula kwa chida chobowola ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutseka malo a mphete ya chitsime;

(2) Pamene palibe chida chobowolera m’chitsime, nkhosa yamphongo yodinda yodzaza imatha kusindikiza pachitsimepo;

(3) Pamene kuli kofunikira kudula chida chobowola m’chitsime ndi kusindikiza kotheratu pachitsimecho, nkhosa yamphongo yometa ubweya imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudula chida chobowola m’chitsime ndi kusindikiza kwathunthu pachitsimecho;

(4) Nkhosa yamphongo ya zotchinga zophulitsa nkhosa zamphongo imalola kunyamula katundu ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyimitsa zida zoboola;

(5) Pali dzenje lakumbali pa chipolopolo cha nkhosa yamphongo ya BOP, yomwe ingagwiritse ntchito mpumulo wopumira;

(6) Ram BOP ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza chitsime kwa nthawi yayitali;

3.Kusankhidwa kwa BOP kuphatikiza

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakusankhidwa kwa hydraulic blowout blocker kuphatikiza ndi: mtundu wa chitsime, kuthamanga kwa mapangidwe, kukula kwa casing, mtundu wamadzimadzi, kukhudza kwanyengo, zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri.

(1) Kusankha kwa msinkhu wa kuthamanga

Zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kwachitsime komwe kuphatikiza kwa BOP kukuyembekezeka kupirira. Pali magawo asanu amphamvu a BOP: 14MPa, 21MPa, 35MPa, 70MPa, 105MPa, 140MPa.

(2) Kusankha njira

Kutalika kwa kuphatikiza kwa BOP kumatengera kukula kwa casing pamapangidwe a chitsime, ndiye kuti, kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo pang'ono kuposa m'mimba mwake akunja kwa casing komwe kumamatira. Pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya ma diameter a blockout: 180mm, 230mm, 280mm, 346mm, 426mm, 476mm, 528mm, 540mm, 680mm. Pakati pawo, 230mm, 280mm, 346mm ndi 540mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda.

(3) Kusankha mawonekedwe ophatikiza

Kusankhidwa kwa mawonekedwe ophatikizika makamaka kutengera kukakamizidwa kwa mapangidwe, zofunikira pakubowola, kapangidwe ka zida zoboola ndi zida zothandizira.