Mitundu 20 yosiyanasiyana ya kubowola ndi yankho 2

11.Kodi tiyenera kulabadira mavuto otani tikamabowola m’mwamba?

(1) Pobowola pansi pa mapangidwe apamwamba, chobowolacho chiyenera kutulutsidwa, Taper Taps iyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo chitoliro chobowola chiyenera kulumikizidwa ku dzenje.

(2) Kusunga madzi abwino ndi mchenga kunyamula ntchito pobowola madzi;

(3) Kumenya nkhonya, kudutsa makamaka, kumatha kukokedwa bwino;

(4) Kubowola mphamvu ndikoletsedwa;

12. N’chifukwa chiyani sititsegula mpope pambuyo pobowola? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Zifukwa zake ndi:

(1) pali dothi mu chida chobowola kapena zinthu zomwe zikugwera mu chida chobowola kutchinga dzenje lobowola;

(2) pobowola pansi liwiro ndi mofulumira kwambiri, pobowola cuttings madzimadzi mu pobowola chida, kapena chifukwa cha kugwa kwa chitsime khoma, kwambiri mmbuyo, cuttings mu pobowola chida, kutsekereza kubowola pang'ono madzi dzenje;

(3) Keke yamatope yapakhoma ndi yokhuthala, pali zinyalala zambiri zamwala zomwe zimamatiridwa, ndipo pobowola amathiridwa mu dzenje lamadzi pobowola;

(4) kuzizira kwa mapaipi apansi kapena zida zoboola m’nyengo yozizira;

(5) Fyuluta yobowola imatsekedwa ndi dothi;

(6) keke yamatope ya khoma ndi yokhuthala kapena khoma likugwa, annulus si yosalala, ndipo madzi akubowola sangathe kubwerera mmwamba;

(7) Pobowola, pali kukakamiza kolimba kapena mizati yambiri sikubwereranso madzi obowola, ndipo chobowolacho chimakanikizidwa muzodula, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsegula kwa mpope;

Chithandizo: Ngati mpope si anatsegula, m`pofunika kuchotsa zinthu pansi poyamba, ndiyeno kuthana ndi kutsekeka kwa downhole. Ngati dzenje la kubowola latsekedwa, chida chobowola chingasunthidwe kwambiri ndipo dzenje lamadzi limatha kutsegulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kosangalatsa. Ngati annulus yatsekedwa, chida chobowola chiyenera kusunthidwa mmwamba ndi pansi kuti chikokere annulus, ndiyeno mpope uyenera kutsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikusuntha pang'ono. Ngati annulus sichigwira ntchito, kubowola kuyenera kuyambikanso kutsegula mpope mu gawo lotseguka la chitsime, ndiyeno kubowola pansi. Zikapezeka kuti mapangidwewo akutuluka, kubowola kuyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mpope sayenera kutsegulidwa pakati kuti mapangidwewo asagwe ndikupangitsa kuti atseke.

13.N’chifukwa chiyani kuwonjezereka kwa kupopera mphamvu pobowola n’chiyani? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Zifukwa zake ndi: kugwa bwino, chida chobowola dzenje lamadzi, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zamatanthwe zowunjikidwa m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono, kusintha kwamadzimadzi obowola, dazi lophwanyidwa kapena kuchotsedwa, kusachulukira kwamadzimadzi sikofanana.

Chithandizo njira: Ngati chitsime kugwa ayenera lalikulu kufalitsidwa pobowola madzimadzi, mobwerezabwereza kubowola, kuchita otaika chipika, kuwala kuthamanga pobowola kubwezeretsa yachibadwa. Ngati kubowola chitoliro cuttings kudzikundikira ayenera kuthetsedwa ndi kutembenuza kapena kusuntha kubowola chitoliro mmwamba ndi pansi. Ngati mphamvu ya mpope ikupitiriza kukwera, kubowola kwa kupopa kungaimitsidwe, ndipo kudzikundikirako kudzathyoledwa ndiyeno kupopa kumatuluka. Ngati ntchito yamadzimadzi yobowola ikuwonongeka, kubowola kuyenera kuyimitsidwa. Ngati kachulukidwe kake sikofanana, onjezerani barite m'magawo kapena zungulirani pampu imodzi ndikusakaniza pampu imodzi pamagetsi otsika kuti mupange yunifolomu.

14.Kodi nchifukwa ninji kutsika kwa kupopa mphamvu mu kubowola? Kodi kufufuza? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Kutsika kwapampope kumayambitsa, madzi a pampu sali abwino, kutayikira kwa mapaipi kapena zipata, kubowola kwa zida kumayambitsa kuzungulira kwafupipafupi, kubowola kwa dzenje kapena kutulutsa pamphuno, chida chobowola chosweka, kutayikira, kubowola kuwira kwamadzimadzi kwa gasi ndi zina zotero.

Njira yoyendera: Choyamba yang'anani pansi, momwe mumagwirira ntchito pampu, mapaipi. Kaya chipata chabowoleredwa kapena kuzunguliridwa kwafupikitsa, ngati choyezera chapakati chili cholondola, ndiyeno ganizirani ngati chida chobowola pansi chabowoleredwa kapena kusweka, ngati mphuno yabowoledwa kapena kugwa, komanso ngati pali kutayikira.

Chithandizo njira: Kukonza mwadzidzidzi kuyenera kukonzedwa pazifukwa zapansi, ndi kubowola madzimadzi mankhwala defoaming. Chida chobowola kapena nozzle chikang'ambika, yambani kubowola nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani chida chobowola mwatsatanetsatane, musagwiritse ntchito chingwe chotchinga pobowola, osaphwanya mwamphamvu kuti chida chobowolacho chisagwedezeke ndikusweka. Pakatayika, madzimadzi obowola amayenera kuponyedwa mosalekeza nthawi yomweyo.

15.Kubowola rotary mbale katundu kuwonjezeka, kuchotsa rotary mbale clutch pansi galimoto ndi chifukwa chiyani? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Zifukwa:

(1) mapangidwe kugwa zinyalala kugwa (monga kubowola kwa zolakwika, ming'alu, mapangidwe fracture zone, etc.);

(2) Kubowola kowuma kapena paketi yamatope;

(3) kachidutswa kakang'ono kakakamira kapena scraper fragment;

(4) zinthu zakugwa pansi;

(5) Short dera mkombero, cuttings sangathe kutuluka;

(6) Njira ya chitsime cholowera si yabwino, kupendekera kwabwino ndi kwakukulu, kusamukako kuli kwakukulu, ndipo mwendo wa galu ndi wovuta;

Chithandizo njira: Choyamba kudziwa ngati kubowola pang'ono ndi yachibadwa, ngati pobowola youma, kukweza pobowola chida mobwerezabwereza reaming anakweza, kuwonjezera, ndi kuwala kutembenukira kuweruza pobowola pang'ono, ngati yochepa dera mkombero ayenera yomweyo kuyamba kubowola kuti aone kubowola. chida. Malinga ndi kuneneratu kwa mapangidwe, deta yoyandikana ndi zitsime, ndi zodulidwa zomwe zabwezedwa, malo ndi kukula kwa chitsime kumawunikidwa, ndipo njira zogwira mtima zimatengedwa kuti athetse ndikuletsa kubowola kokakamira. Ngati vuto la trajectory yachitsime litathetsedwa, chida chobowola chikhoza kukhala chosavuta ndipo torque imatha kuchepetsedwa.

16. Chifukwa chiyani kudumpha komwe kumapezeka pobowola? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Dumpha kubowola kumachitika pobowola koni, zifukwa zake ndi:

(1) Pobowola miyala ya miyala yofewa komanso yolimba yolumikizirana, mipanda yofanana;

(2) kugwa bwino kapena kugwetsa pansi zinthu;

(3) Torque mochulukira pobowola dzino lalikulu;

Chithandizo njira: Sinthani magawo kusaganizira pobowola kudumpha, ndi kupanga chigamulo chokwanira malinga ndi mapangidwe lithology, ngati mankhwala alibe mphamvu, ayenera kuganizira downhole chinthu, kubowola kuti aone kuvala kwa pang'ono, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu, mu ndondomeko kupewa kubowola munakhala.

17. Kodi chifukwa cha bit bouncing n'chiyani? Kodi kuthana nazo?

(1) Chopukutira chimakumana ndi malo ofewa ndi olimba a mapangidwe;

(2) kulemera pang'ono kwa scraper ndi yayikulu kwambiri kapena kubowola;

(3) kubowola miyala wosanjikiza kapena phanga la miyala yamchere;

(4) Mapangidwe midadada kapena kugwa zinthu m'chitsime;

(5) matope kapena chulucho chokhazikika;

(6) Chotsani chulucho kapena tsamba lopukuta;

(7) The awiri a scraper bit ndi yaying'ono kuposa awiri a stabilizer pambuyo akupera;

Chithandizo: Ngati mapangidwe mapangidwe angasinthidwe kuthetsa kulemera pa biti liwiro, ngati n'kosavuta, mwina chifukwa ndi pang'ono kapena kugwa chinthu, ayenera kubowola anayendera kudziwa sitepe yotsatira.

18, kubowola mu unyolo kufala wosweka kuyenera kukhala momwe mungachitire?

(1) Choyamba, kuzungulira kuyenera kusamalidwa;

(2) Chitsime chikapanda kuzama, gwiritsani ntchito munthu kutembenuza kelly kapena kugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira mpweya kukoka unyolo wokhotakhota kuti musunthe pobowola;

(3) Chitsime chikakhala chakuya, gawo kapena kulemera konse kwa chida chobowola kumatsitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kupindika kwa chida chobowola ndikuchepetsa mwayi womamatira;

(4) Kukonzekera mwachangu ogwira ntchito kuti agwire unyolo, ndiyeno kwezani chida chobowola kuti ayang'ane mbali zabwinobwino mutayambiranso kubowola;

19. N’chifukwa chiyani payipi imamangiriridwa ndi paipi ya kelly pobowola? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Chifukwa chake ndikuti swivel bear imakhala ndi zovuta (zoyipa, kusowa kwa batala, ndi zina zotero) diski ya flushing chubu imakhala yolimba kwambiri, kelly imapindika ndipo turntable ndi yoopsa, chingwe cha anti-twist sichimangiriridwa molingana ndi malamulo. , ndipo mbedza yaikulu sinakhomedwe. payipi ikakulungidwa mozungulira kelly, kelly imatha kukokedwa ndi kukweza pliers, ndipo bomba kapena kelly ikhoza kuchotsedwa ngati itakokedwa kwambiri; Ngati chitoliro chothamangitsa chili chothina kwambiri komanso chokulungidwa mopepuka mozungulira chitoliro cha kelly, chingwe chotchingira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza popeyo ndikutembenuka pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi.

20. Kodi chifukwa cha kugwa kwa kulemera kolendewera kwa chala chapakati ndi chiyani? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti kulemera kwake ndi koipa kapena chitoliro chobowola chasweka.

Njira yochizira: choyamba kwezani chitoliro chobowola kuti muwone sensor yoyezera kulemera, ngati payipi yotumizira ndi tebulo kapena olowa ndikutulutsa mafuta, ngati ziwalozo zawonongeka, kenako yesaninso kuyeza kulemera. Ngati tebulo lolemera liri lolimba, nthawi yomweyo yambani kubowola kuti muwone chida chobowola, ndikusankha njira yothandizira malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.